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Impact history and origin of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 15528

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Abstract

No samples from the Moon’s far side have been returned to Earth. Thus, lunar meteorite study can deepen the understanding of the Moon’s far side (if we can identify which lunar meteorites came from the Moon’s far side). The Northwest Africa (NWA) 15528 meteorite is a lunar feldspathic regolith breccia meteorite and we speculated it might originate from the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane (FHT) on the far side of the Moon. Here, we report detailed petrography, major and trace elements, and noble gas (He, Ne, and Ar) isotopes for the clasts and matrix, respectively. The results show that the NWA 15528 lunar meteorite contains diverse clasts, including anorthosite, granulite, basalt, and impact melt clasts. The coarse, well-crystallized, uniform chemical composition minerals may come from intrusive plutonic rocks. Among the anorthosite clasts, the norite/olivine clasts originate from the deep lunar crust, whereas the other anorthosite clasts are from lunar highlands. The Sm concentrations in NWA 15528 were similar to those in the fourth group of Apollo 16 melt samples, demonstrating that NWA 15528 has a typical plagioclase highland meteorite composition. Compared with the Apollo sample data and remote sensing results, the chemical composition of NWA 15528 indicated strong affinities with the FHT area and ferroan anorthosite (FAN) material from the far side of the Moon. The noble gas isotopic composition of NWA 15528 is consistent with a binary mixture of solar wind and cosmogenic components; during stepwise pyrolytic extractions, we observed that the abundance of cosmogenic components decreased, whereas that of solar wind components increased with increasing temperature. The average cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) age of the matrix and granulite is 42±6 Ma, with a shielding depth in the same range of 10–20 g cm−2. The gas retention age of NWA 15528 is 2.14 Ga, and the antiquity age of NWA 15528 is (0.69–0.74)±0.2 Ga (considering 50% 40Arm is 40Artrap) which indicates the different clasts of NWA 15528 are assembled after 0.69–0.74 Ga.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Hejiu HUI from Nanjing University for kind editorial handling and two anonymous reviewers for constructive and thoughtful review comments, which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript. Their comments have greatly improved the quality of the article. We thank Professor Bingkui MIAO from the Guilin University of Technology for his kind help during the experiment and Dr. Guozhu CHEN and Xiaojing JIA for their guidance and assistance in sample processing and electron probe experiments. We thank Professor Xiaojia ZENG from the Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for using the remote sensing software ENVI to complete Figure 12, which benefited greatly from the interpretation of the origin of NWA 15528. We thank Dr. Lihui JIA of the Electron Probe Laboratory and Professor Zhuyin CHU of the Solid Isotope Laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS) for their kind help, as well as Professor Sen HU and Dr. Jianglong JI of the Nano-Sims Laboratory of IGGCAS for their help and guidance in sample pre-processing. We also greatly benefited from discussions with Dr. Min ZHANG of the Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory of IGGCAS and Dr. Zhuang GUO from Peking University. We thank Professor Weiwei BIAN of the China University of Geosciences (Beijing) for his careful review. Finally, the authors would like to thank academicians Ziyuan OUYANG and Professor Yangting LIN, whose academic thoughts, works, and reports greatly benefited us. This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB41010205), the Civil Aerospace Pre-Research Project (Grant No. D020302), the Strategic Priority Program A of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA17010403 and XDB41010304) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42030205 and 41874079).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Runchuan Liu, Huaiyu He, Thomas Smith, Hanqing Ye, Xuhang Zhang, Fei Su, Ziheng Liu, Wei Guo, Dingshuai Xue, Jiannan Li, Ye He & Chao Lu

  2. Institutes of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Runchuan Liu, Huaiyu He, Thomas Smith, Hanqing Ye, Xuhang Zhang, Fei Su, Ziheng Liu, Wei Guo, Dingshuai Xue, Jiannan Li, Ye He & Chao Lu

  3. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Runchuan Liu, Huaiyu He, Thomas Smith, Hanqing Ye, Xuhang Zhang, Fei Su, Ziheng Liu, Wei Guo, Dingshuai Xue, Jiannan Li, Ye He & Chao Lu

  4. Paleomagnetism and Planetary Magnetism Laboratory, School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Huapei Wang, Ting Cao & Xuelong Jiang

  5. State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Peng Yang

  6. Institution of Meteorites and Planetary Materials Research Center, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Chuantong Zhang

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  1. Runchuan Liu
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  2. Huaiyu He
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  3. Thomas Smith
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  4. Hanqing Ye
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  5. Huapei Wang
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  6. Xuhang Zhang
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  7. Fei Su
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  8. Ziheng Liu
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  9. Wei Guo
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  10. Peng Yang
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  11. Chuantong Zhang
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  12. Dingshuai Xue
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  13. Ting Cao
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  14. Jiannan Li
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  15. Xuelong Jiang
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  16. Ye He
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  17. Chao Lu
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huaiyu He or Thomas Smith.

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Liu, R., He, H., Smith, T. et al. Impact history and origin of lunar meteorite Northwest Africa 15528. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 1399–1422 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1049-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1049-4

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