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Ernährungsempfehlungen bei Diabetes und deren Implementierung

Update anhand ausgewählter aktueller Publikationen

Nutrition recommendations for diabetes and their implementation

Update from selected current publications

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Der Diabetologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Neue evidenzbasierte Ernährungsempfehlungen für Patienten mit Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes betreffen die Begrenzung gesättigter Fettsäuren auf unter 7% der Energieaufnahme pro Tag, die Minimierung von trans-ungesättigten Fettsäuren sowie eine Ballaststoffzufuhr von mindestens 14 g/1000 kcal, wobei die Hälfte der täglichen Getreideprodukte als Ganzkorngetreideprodukte verzehrt werden sollen. Die Beachtung des glykämischen Index von Lebensmitteln ermöglicht einen moderaten zusätzlichen Nutzen für die glykämische Kontrolle gegenüber der bloßen Beachtung der Kohlenhydratmenge. Alle Patienten mit Übergewicht oder Adipositas benötigen Beratung zur Energie- und Fettreduktion in der Nahrung. Kurzfristig (bis zu ein Jahr Dauer) kann auch eine kohlenhydratreduzierte Reduktionskost effektiv sein. Eine Routine-Supplementierung von Vitaminen, Mineralstoffen und Spurenelementen wird nicht empfohlen.

Abstract

Current evidence-based nutrition recommendations for patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes emphasize the restriction of saturated fatty acids to <7% of total energy intake, a minimization of trans-fats and a fibre consumption of at least 14 g/1000 Kcal, whereby half the daily cereal product intake should comprise whole grains. The use of the glycaemic index may provide modest additional benefit for glycaemic control over carbohydrate monitoring alone. All patients with overweight or obesity should receive advice on reducing energy and fat intake. A low-carbohydrate energy restricted diet may also be effective in the short-term (up to 1 year). Routine supplementation of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is not recommended.

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  1. Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    M. Toeller

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Toeller, M. Ernährungsempfehlungen bei Diabetes und deren Implementierung. Diabetologe 5, 442–452 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-009-0405-1

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