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Small-molecule organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries

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Abstract

Small-molecule organic electrode materials (SMOEMs) have shown tremendous potential as cathodes or anodes for various rechargeable batteries including lithium and sodium batteries, due to their easy material availability, high structure designability, attractive theoretical capacity, and wide adaptability to counterions. However, they suffer from the severe dissolution problem and the subsequent shuttle effect in nonaqueous electrolytes, which cause the poor cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency. To satisfy the demands on the energy density and cycling stability simultaneously, the molecular structures of SMOEMs need to be rationally designed, and extrinsic approaches including electrode engineering and electrolyte optimizations can be further conducted. In this review, we summarize the fundamental knowledge about SMOEMs, including their working principles and applications, structure classifications, molecular structure design methods, and extrinsic optimization strategies. Moreover, we also provide some original insights aiming at guiding the research and development of SMOEMs in a more scientific and practical way. In brief, SMOEMs are facing huge opportunities and challenges as candidates to enable the next-generation of efficient, sustainable, and green rechargeable batteries.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975189 and 22179102), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2402201), and the Recruitment Program for Young Professionals.

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  1. Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Xiaotang Gan & Zhiping Song

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Gan, X., Song, Z. Small-molecule organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. Sci. China Chem. 66, 3070–3104 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-023-1738-3

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