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Lithologic control of soil C:N:P stoichiometry across a climatic gradient in southwest China

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Changes in climate and land use may disrupt the soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, which affect the availability of essential nutrients differently, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Nevertheless, lithologic impact on soil C:N:P stoichiometry over a broad climatic gradient remains largely unknown. We aimed to determine the variation in nutrient limitations between karst and non-karst forests and croplands across a climate gradient.

Materials and methods

This study investigated soil C:N:P stoichiometry in mature forest (MF) and nearby cropland rotation (CR) (as a control) soils on limestone (karst) and clastic rock (non-karst) throughout a climatic gradient in southwest China through analysis of soil samples.

Result and discussion

The SOC and TN contents in the karst MF were 1.3 and 1.6 times greater, respectively, than that in the non-karst MF. Consequently, the karst MF had a lower C:N ratio than did the non-karst MF. The SOC and TN contents were considerably higher in the MF than they were in the CR under both lithologies, leading to higher C:P and N:P ratios in the MF compared to those in the CR. The increasing temperature resulted in a shift from TN and TP to SOC limitation, due to the increased decomposition of SOC by microbes with an increase in temperature. Soil pH and Ca content are controlled by the lithology, and they were closely related to C:N:P stoichiometry in this study, whereas a combination of lithology and temperature controlled soil microbial activity and plant growth. Importantly, the magnitude of lithology-induced changes in the stoichiometry was greater as temperature increased, which was more pronounced in the non-karst than it was in the karst.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the responses of soil C, N, and P to climate warming in relation to stoichiometry, and soil-microorganism-plant response strategies may be the key to the mitigating the effect of temperature increase on nutrient cycles in karst ecosystems.

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Funding

This study was supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41930652); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2011; 32001215); the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M682586); the Guangxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Base on Karst Dynamics (BL202102); and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program (2020GXNSFBA297118; 2020GXNSFDA238012; 2022GXNSFAA035621); and the Hunan Natural Science Foundation Program (2022JJ40535).

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  1. Mingming Sun and Rong Yang contributed equally to the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China

    Mingming Sun, Rong Yang, Yixin Tang, Dan Xiao, Wei Zhang, Peilei Hu, Hanqing Wu & Kelin Wang

  2. Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, 547100, China

    Mingming Sun, Rong Yang, Yixin Tang, Dan Xiao, Wei Zhang, Peilei Hu, Hanqing Wu & Kelin Wang

  3. Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning, 530001, China

    Dan Xiao, Wei Zhang, Peilei Hu, Hanqing Wu & Kelin Wang

  4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang, 547100, China

    Dan Xiao, Wei Zhang, Peilei Hu, Hanqing Wu & Kelin Wang

  5. Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia

    Zhihong Xu

  6. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Mingming Sun & Zhihua Shi

  7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China

    Rong Yang & Yixin Tang

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  1. Mingming Sun
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Sun, M., Yang, R., Tang, Y. et al. Lithologic control of soil C:N:P stoichiometry across a climatic gradient in southwest China. J Soils Sediments 23, 1662–1673 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03456-4

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