Abstract
Purpose
We quantified the phosphorus (P) fractions and oxide content in the sediment of eight tropical semiarid reservoirs to assess how water-level decreases affect the potential P internal loading.
Methods
Chemical fractionation analyses were carried out to determine the P fractions in the reservoirs’ sediment, and their chemical composition was evaluated via X-ray fluorescence. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate how changes in the oxide content in the reservoirs’ sediment and percentage of the maximum volume stored (%MVS) affected the P fractions.
Results
About 35 to 46% of the content of the sediment load of the total phosphorus (TP) was associated with potentially mobile P forms (NaOH-P and BD-P). The chemical composition of the sediments indicated a strong presence of Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The regressions showed that the lower the proportions of Al2O3 content, the lower was both P mobile (Total-P and BD-P) and non-mobile forms (HCl-P and Res-P) in the reservoirs sediment, whereas the proportions of Fe2O3 content were positively related to NaOH-P and Res-P. Moreover, the proportions of SiO2 and CaO content in the sediment were respectively negatively related to NaOH-P and positively related to HCl-P. The decrease in the %MVS in the reservoirs favored both the accumulation of non-mobile forms of P (HCl-P and Res-P) and CaO in the sediments, whereas an opposite pattern was observed for Al2O3.
Conclusion
The high P load in the sediments, associated with potentially mobile forms and low water level, indicates that an internal loading mechanism may be present in the environments observed.
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Availability of data and material
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This research was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. We thank Edson Santana, Bruno Wanderley, Anízio Souza, Juliana Leroy, Regina Nobre, Pedro Junger, Lenice Ventura, Bárbara Bezerra, Mariana Costa, and Cleto Freire for fieldwork assistance. We thank Alana Jade de Lima Bezerra for laboratory assistance. We would like to thank Carolina Angélica Araújo de Azevedo for manuscript assistance.
Funding
The study was supported by The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Processes Numbers: 442484/2014–3/MCTI/CNPq/Universal 14/2014 a and 446138/2015–0/MCTI/CNPq/ANA/Nº23/2015) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Educational Personnel (CAPES/PNPD—Project Nº: 2304/2011).
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All authors (DJNL, RFM, and FOA) contributed to the study conception and sampling design. RFM conducted the fieldwork and ran the statistical analyses. DJNL analyzed the sediment samples and wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to the subsequent versions of the draft.
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Lima, D.J.N., Menezes, R.F. & Araújo, F.O. Phosphorus fractions and their availability in the sediments of eight tropical semiarid reservoirs. J Soils Sediments 22, 982–993 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03128-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03128-1