Abstract
The spatial-temporal distribution, source, and potential ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface seawater from Laizhou Bay were investigated. The total PAH (ΣPAH) concentrations ranged from 277 to 4393 ng/L with an average of 1178 ng/L, thereby suggesting a relatively moderate to high PAH exposure level in Laizhou Bay in comparison to other bays in the world. The composition patterns and source apportionment results revealed that the coal, biomass burning, diesel emissions, and petroleum combustion as well as the combination of these processes were the dominant sources of PAHs in the surface water, which were closely associated with sail process and sewage effluents. The ecological risk assessment indicated that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), luoranthene (Flua), and naphthalene (Nap) would exist ecological risks in most of surface seawater sites, but the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) results showed that the current level of risk is not as severe as the risk quotient (RQ) results revealed.
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This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFC3201001, 2021YFC3200104).
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Di Shi: data curation, investigation, and writing—original draft preparation. Fengchang Wu: editing and spervision. Jia He: conceptualization, methodology, and writing—original draft preparation. Yan Sun: data curation, software, and investigation. Ning Qin: methodology, writing—reviewing, editing, and supervision. Fuhong Sun: editing and supervision. Hailei Su: editing and supervision. Beibei Wang: editing and supervision.
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Shi, ., Wu, F., He, J. et al. Spatiotemporal distributions and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface seawater of Laizhou Bay, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 12131–12143 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31253-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31253-6