Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic substance that is uptake by plants from soils, Cd easily transfers into the food chain. Considering global food security, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and metal detoxification strategies are highly demandable for sustainable food crop production. The purpose of this study was to investigate how citric acid (CA) alleviates or tolerates Cd toxicity in Brassica using a proteome approach. In this study, the global proteome level was significantly altered under Cd toxicity with or without CA supplementation in Brassica. A total of 4947 proteins were identified using the gel-free proteome approach. Out of these, 476 proteins showed differential abundance between the treatment groups, wherein 316 were upregulated and 160 were downregulated. The gene ontology analysis reveals that differentially abundant proteins were involved in different biological processes including energy and carbohydrate metabolism, CO2 assimilation and photosynthesis, signal transduction and protein metabolism, antioxidant defense, heavy metal detoxification, plant development, and cytoskeleton and cell wall structure in Brassica leaves. Interestingly, several candidate proteins such as superoxide dismutase (A0A078GZ68) l-ascorbate peroxidase 3 (A0A078HSG4), glutamine synthetase (A0A078HLB2), glutathione S-transferase DHAR1 (A0A078HPN8), glutamine synthetase (A0A078HLB2), cysteine synthase (A0A078GAD3), S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 (A0A078JDL6), and thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase 2 (A0A078H905) were involved in antioxidant defense system and sulfur assimilation-involving Cd-detoxification process in Brassica. These findings provide new proteome insights into CA-mediated Cd-toxicity alleviation in Brassica, which might be useful to oilseed crop breeders for enhancing heavy metal tolerance in Brassica using the breeding program, with sustainable and smart Brassica production in a metal-toxic environment.
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All the datasets used in developing the manuscript are available upon request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the National Institute for International Education (NIIED), Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea, for supporting the Global Korea Scholarship (GKS-2020). This work was supported by a funding for the academic research program of Chungbuk National University in 2023.
Funding
The research for this article was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the government of Korea (MSIT) (Project No. 2018R1D1A1B07050661).
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P.K. Mittra, S–H Woo, S.K. Roy, and M.A. Rahman contributed to the conception and design of the study. LC–MS/MS analysis was performed by S.H. Yun and K. Cho. P.K. Mittra and N. Mollah analyzed the data. S-J Kwon provided technical assistance. P.K. Mittra wrote the original draft. S.K. Roy, M.A. Rahman, and N. Mollah helped in writing, reviewing, and editing the original draft. P.K. Mittra, T.K-Tanaka, T. Shiraiwa, and S–H Woo contributed to the subsequent revisions of the drafts. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Mittra, P.K., Roy, S.K., Rahman, M.A. et al. Proteome insights of citric acid-mediated cadmium toxicity tolerance in Brassica napus L.. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 115461–115479 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30442-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30442-7