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Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions

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Abstract

Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague–Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We must thank Laboratory of Pathology from University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE).

Funding

This work has been supported by the following Brazilian research agencies: São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant 2018/24044–0), Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and CNPq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

    Thaina Cavalleri Sousa, Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo, Andreia Yuri Yoshigae, Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma, Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni, Anthony César de Sousa Castillho, Gisele Alborghetti Nai & Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes

  2. Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), R. José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

    Letícia Pereira de Souza

  3. Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States

    Ariana Musa de Aquino

  4. Department of Functional and Structural Biology, IBB/UNESP, Rubião Junior, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

    Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano

  5. Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

    Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares, Alice Santos Cruz Veras & Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira

  6. Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 – Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil

    Gisele Alborghetti Nai & Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes

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  1. Thaina Cavalleri Sousa
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparations, data collection, and analysis were performed by Thainá Cavalleri Sousa, Letícia Pereira de Souza, Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo, Andreia Yuri Yoshigae, Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma, Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni, and Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes. The data analysis were performed by Thainá Cavalleri Sousa, Ariana Musa de Aquino, Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano, Anthony César de Sousa Castilho, Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares, Alice Santos Cruz Veras, Giovanna Rampazzo Teixeira, Giselle Alborghetti Nai, and Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes, and all the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes.

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All the experiments were conducted according to the guidelines established by the Brazilian Association for Animal Experimentation (COBEA) and were approved by the Ethics Committee in Animal Use of the University of Western São Paulo (protocol number 6034).

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Sousa, T.C., de Souza, L.P., Ricardo, M.L.S. et al. Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 104015–104028 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29768-z

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