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Pesticide contamination in agro-ecosystems: toxicity, impacts, and bio-based management strategies

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Abstract

Continuous rise in application of pesticides in the agro-ecosystems in order to ensure food supply to the ever-growing population is of greater concern to the human health and the environment. Once entered into the agro-ecosystem, the fate and transport of pesticides is determined largely by the nature of pesticides and the soil attributes, in addition to the soil-inhabiting microbes, fauna, and flora. Changes in the soil microbiological actions, soil properties, and enzymatic activities resulting from pesticide applications are the important factors substantially affecting the soil productivity. Disturbances in the microbial community composition may lead to the considerable perturbations in cycling of major nutrients, metals, and subsequent uptake by plants. Indiscriminate applications are linked with the accumulation of pesticides in plant-based foods, feeds, and animal products. Furthermore, rapid increase in the application of pesticides having long half-life has also been reported to contaminate the nearby aquatic environments and accumulation in the plants, animals, and microbes surviving there. To circumvent the negative consequences of pesticide application, multitude of techniques falling in physical, chemical, and biological categories are presented by different investigators. In the present study, important findings pertaining to the pesticide contamination in cultivated agricultural soils; toxicity on soil microbes, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates; effects on soil characteristics; and alleviation of toxicity by bio-based management approaches have been thoroughly reviewed. With the help of bibliometric analysis, thematic evolution and research trends on the bioremediation of pesticides in the agro-ecosystems have also been highlighted.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the handling editor and anonymous reviewers for their critical suggestions which considerably helped in improving the manuscript. RS extends his thanks to Ms. Shikha Singh, IESD, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, for her help in drafting figures and improving the content of the manuscript.

Funding

RS gratefully acknowledge the funding support (grant number PDF/2020/001607) received from Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, as National Post-Doctoral Fellow (NPDF).

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  1. Umesh Praveen Dhuldhaj and Rishikesh Singh are equal principal authors and contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, 431606, India

    Umesh Pravin Dhuldhaj

  2. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Rishikesh Singh

  3. Department of Botany, K. S. Saket P. G. College, (Affiliated to Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University), Ayodhya, 224123, India

    Vipin Kumar Singh

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Umesh Dhuldhaj: conceptualization, writing-original review draft, funding acquisition; Rishikesh Singh: revision drafting, review, visualization, and editing; Vipin Kumar Singh: conceptualization, writing-original review draft, vizualization, review, and final editing. All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Dhuldhaj, U.P., Singh, R. & Singh, V.K. Pesticide contamination in agro-ecosystems: toxicity, impacts, and bio-based management strategies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 9243–9270 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24381-y

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