Abstract
Potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) are non-biodegradable and accumulate in places like water, soil, and plants where they endanger environmental health. There are a considerable number of wetlands having both national and worldwide importance in Türkiye. Regarding PHE accumulation, sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum were examined in the Miliç Wetland (MW), situated in a basin with intense hazelnut and rice farming, which is next to the international highway on the Central Black Sea Coast of Türkiye. The quantification of PHEs in the study subjects was undertaken using a validated inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method, and mean concentrations (mg/kg) of PHEs in the sediments were in the order of Al (13,133) > Fe (10,790) > Mn (205.84) > Cu (17.95) > Cr (16.40) > Zn (15.55) > Ni (11.74) > Pb (9.17) > Co (6.30) > As (2.07) > Cd (0.19). The ecotoxicological risk was assessed using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and certain geological indices, indicating mostly low ecological risk, low pollution, and no hazardous risk. Based on the modified hazard quotient (mHQ) classification of values, Ni showed low contamination, while Cd, Pb, As, and Cu displayed very low contamination, and Zn presented minor contamination. The findings of total lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) identified that exposure of adults or children to sediments containing PHEs would not represent a major health risk. As a recommendation, it is necessary to avoid the direct entrance of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers to enhance the sediment quality of the MW. Since the highway was constructed close to MW, this is considered a significant source of human-caused pollution. Consequently, all PHEs analyzed, except for Cd, displayed a bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of more than 1000, indicating that Ceratophyllum demersum is a promising plant for phytoremediation in PHE-polluted ecological systems involving wetlands, and it can efficiently be employed as an indicator species in biological screening investigations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors without undue reservation.
References
Aasim M, Aydın S, Karakaş M, Aydın ME, Soğukpınar C, Sevinc C (2020) Bioaccumulation potential of In vitro regenerated plants of Ceratophyllum demersum against Chromium - a lab study. Asian J Agric Biol 8(3):233–239. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2019.11.516
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2005) Toxicological profile for Zinc. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta
Ahmad SS, Reshi ZA, Shah MA (2016) Heavy metal accumulation in the leaves of Potamogeton natans and Ceratophyllum demersum in a Himalayan RAMSAR site: management implications. Wetl Ecol Manag 24:469–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9472-9
Akinci I, Tutkun E, Turksoy VA, Yilmaz H, Yuksel B, Kayaalti Z, Soylemezoglu T, Yılmaz H, Abusoglu S (2016) Toxic metal and essential trace element levels of blood donors. J Clin Anal Med 7(6):816–819. https://doi.org/10.4328/jcam.4630
Ali MM, Hossain D, Imran A, Khan S, Begum M, Osman HM (2021) Environmental pollution with heavy metals: a public health risk concern. In Nazal MK, Zhao H (Eds), Heavy Metals-Their Environmental Impacts and Mitigation. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96805
Ali H, Khan E (2017) Environmental chemistry in the twenty-first century. Environ Chem Lett 15:329–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0601-3
Alkan N, Alkan A, Erüz C (2018) Determination of metals in water and sediment samples of the Sürmene River, Turkey. In Aloui F, Dincer I (Eds), Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 2: Applications (pp. 175–181). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_13
Arica E, Yuksel B, Yener I, Dolak I, Gok E, Yilmaz E (2018) ICP-MS determination of lead levels in autopsy liver samples: an application in forensic medicine. Atmos Spectrosc 39(2):62–66. https://doi.org/10.46770/AS.2018.02.002
Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G, Keerthana M, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Perumal K (2022) Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals using geochemical normalization factors in the aquatic sediments. Chemosphere 294:133708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133708
Arnot JA, Gobas FA (2006) A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms. Environ Rev 14(4):257–297. https://doi.org/10.1139/a06-005
Aydin H, Ustaoğlu F, Tepe Y, Soylu EN (2021) Assessment of water quality of streams in northeast Turkey by water quality index and multiple statistical methods. Environ Forensics 22(1–2):270–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1836074
Batley GE, Simpson S (2013) Sediment quality guidelines. In: Férard JF, Blaise C (eds) Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5704-2_92
Batley GE, Warne MSJ (2017) Harmonization of water and sediment quality guideline derivation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 13(3):458–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1903
Benson NU, Adedapo AE, Fred-Ahmadu OH, Williams AB, Udosen ED, Ayejuyo OO, Olajire AA (2018) New ecological risk indices for evaluating heavy metals contamination in aquatic sediment: a case study of the Gulf of Guinea. Reg Stud Mar Sci 18:44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2018.01.004
Böke Özkoç H, Arıman S (2022) Contamination and risk assessment of heavy metals in coastal sediments from the Mid-Black Sea, Turkey. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-022-02300-4
Bonanno G (2011) Trace element accumulation and distribution in the organs of Phragmites australis (common reed) and biomonitoring applications. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74(4):1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.01.018
Bozalan M, Turksoy VA, Yüksel B, Güvendik G, Soylemezoglu T (2019) Preliminary assessment of lead levels in soft plastic toys by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg 76(3):243–254. https://doi.org/10.5505/TurkHijyen.2019.58234
Canpolat Ö, Varol M, Okan ÖÖ, Eriş KK (2022) Sediment contamination by trace elements and the associated ecological and health risk assessment: a case study from a large reservoir (Turkey). Environ Res 204:112145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112145
Coşkun A, Dengiz O (2016) Determination of some basic physiographic characteristics and soil mapping for flood lands. Turk J Agric Res 3(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.19159/tutad.55780
Cüce H, Kalipci E, Ustaoğlu F, Dereli MA, Türkmen A (2022b) Integrated spatial distribution and multivariate statistical analysis for assessment of ecotoxicological and health risks of sediment metal contamination, Ömerli Dam (Istanbul, Turkey). Wat Air Soil Poll 233:199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05670-1
Cüce H, Kalipci E, Ustaoglu F, Baser V, Türkmen M (2022a) Ecotoxicological health risk analysis of potential toxic elements accumulation in the sediments of Kızılırmak River. Int J Environ Sci Techno.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03869-z
Cüce H, Kalipci E, Ustaoglu F, Kaynar İ, Baser V, Türkmen M (2022c) Multivariate statistical methods and GIS based evaluation of the health risk potential and water quality due to arsenic pollution in the Kızılırmak River. Int J Sediment Reshttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsrc.2022c.06.004
Dević GJ, Ilić MV, Zildzović SN, Avdalović JS, Miletić SB, Bulatović SS, Vrvić MM (2020) Investigation of potentially toxic elements in urban sediments in Belgrade, Serbia. Environ. Sci. Health Part A Toxic Hazard. Subst Environ Eng 55:765–775. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2020.1741999
Doğan M, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçin E, Acar A (2022) Comprehensive toxicity screening of Pazarsuyu stream water containing heavy metals and protective role of lycopene. Scientific Reports, Sci Rep 12:16615. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21081-y
Dökmeci AH (2020) Environmental impacts of heavy metals and their bioremediation. In Nazal MK, Zhao H (Eds), Heavy Metals - Their Environmental Impacts and Mitigation, IntechOpen, London. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95103
Dong C, Chen C, Chen C (2012) Contamination of zinc in sediments at river mouths and channel in Northern Kaohsiung Harbor. Taiwan Int J Environ Sci Dev 3:517–521. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2012.V3.278
Dundar MS, Altundag H, Eyupoglu V, Keskin SC, Tutunoglu C (2012) Determination of heavy metals in lower Sakarya River sediments using a BCR-sequential extraction procedure. Environ Monit Assess 84(1):33–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1944-7
Favas PJ, Pratas J, Prasad MN (2012) Accumulation of arsenic by aquatic plants in large-scale field conditions: opportunities for phytoremediation and bioindication. Sci Total Environ 433:390–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.091
Fural Ş, Kükrer S, Cürebal İ (2020) Geographical information systems based ecological risk analysis of metal accumulation in sediments of İkizcetepeler Dam Lake (Turkey). Ecol Ind 119:106784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106784
Haghnazar H, Hudson-Edwards KA, Kumar V, Pourakbar M, Mahdavianpour M, Aghayani E (2021) Potentially toxic elements contamination in surface sediment and indigenous aquatic macrophytes of the Bahmanshir River, Iran: Appraisal of phytoremediation capability. Chemosphere 285:131446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131446
Hak K, Ritchie RJ, Dummee V (2020) Bioaccumulation and physiological responses of the Coontail, Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to copper, zinc and in combination. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 189:110049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110049
Hakanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach. Water Res 14(8):975–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2012) Personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 100E:373–501
Iqbal J, Tirmizi SA, Shah MH (2013) Statistical apportionment and risk assessment of selected metals in sediments from Rawal Lake (Pakistan). Environ Monit Assess 185(1):729–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2588-y
Islam MS, Hossain MB, Matin A, Sarker MSI (2018) Chemosphere assessment of heavy metal pollution, distribution and source apportionment in the sediment from Feni River Estuary, Bangladesh. Chemosphere 202:25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.077
Jaskuła J, Sojka M (2022) Assessment of spatial distribution of sediment contamination with heavy metals in the two biggest rivers in Poland. Catena 211:105959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2021.105959
Jaskuła J, Sojka M, Fiedler M, Wrożyński R (2021) Analysis of spatial variability of river bottom sediment pollution with heavy metals and assessment of potential ecological hazard for the Warta River, Poland. Minerals 11(3):327. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030327
Jin C, Li Z, Huang M, Wen J, Ding X, Zhou M, Cai C (2021) Laboratory and simulation study on the Cd(II) adsorption by lake sediment: Mechanism and influencing factors. Environ Res 197:111138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111138
Jin C, Li Z, Huang M (2022) Cadmium immobilization in lake sediment using different crystallographic manganese oxides: Performance and mechanism. J Environ Manage 313:114995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114995
Kahal A, El-Sorogy AS, Qaysi S, Almadani S, Kassem OM, Al-Dossari A (2020) Contamination and ecological risk assessment of the Red Sea coastal sediments, southwest Saudi Arabia. Mar Pollut Bull 154:111125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111125
Kırıs E, Baltas H (2021) Assessing pollution levels and health effects of heavy metals in sediments around Cayeli copper mine area, Rize. Turkey Environ Forensics 22(3–4):372–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1850572
Kukrer S, Tunc IO, Erginal AE, Bay Ö, Kılıç Ş (2021) Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of metals in Kura river sediments along a human disturbance gradient. Environ Forensicshttps://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2021.1940378
Kumar S, Islam ARMT, Hasanuzzaman M, Salam R, Islam MS, Khan R, Rahman MS, Pal SC, Ali MM, Idris AM, Gustave W, Elbeltagi A (2022) Potentially toxic elemental contamination in Wainivesi River, Fiji impacted by gold-mining activities using chemometric tools and SOM analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29(28):42742–42767. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-941620/v1
Leleyter L, Baraud F, Reinert T, Gouali S, Lemoine M, Gil O (2018) Fate of aluminium released by sacrificial anodes – contamination of marine sediments by environmentally available compounds. C R Geosci 350(5):195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crte.2018.05.003
Ma L, Han C (2019) Water quality ecological risk assessment with sedimentological approach. In: Summers K (ed) Water Quality-Science, Assessments and Policy. IntechOpen, London, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88594
MacDonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Berger TA (2000) Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39(1):20–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010075
Mahmoud KM, Mahmoud HA, Sayed SS (2018) Potential role of Ceratophyllum demersum in bioaccumulation and tolerance of some heavy metals. Egypt J Aquat Biol Fish 22(4):1–12. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJABF.2018.9738
Matache ML, Marin C, Rozylowicz TA (2013) Plants accumulating heavy metals in the Danube River wetlands. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 11:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336X-11-39
McGeer JC, Brix KV, Skeaf JM, DeForest DK, Brigham SI, Adams WJ, Green A (2003) Inverse relationship between bioconcentration factor and exposure concentration for metals: implications for hazard assessment of metals in the aquatic environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:1017e1037. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620220509
Mortazavi S (2018) Survey of modified hazard quotient, potential ecological risk factor and toxicity units of heavy metals in surface sediments of some wetlands of Iran. Arch Hyg Sci 7(4):251–263
Müller G (1981) Die Schwermetallbelastung der sedimente des Neckars und seiner Nebenflüsse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chem Ztg 105:157–164
Polechońska L, Klink A, Dambiec M, Rudecki A (2018) Evaluation of Ceratophyllum demersum as the accumulative bioindicator for trace metals. Ecol Indic 93:274–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.020
Proshad R, Al-Mamaun A, Islam MS, Khadka S, Kormoker T, Uddin MM, Modeo L (2021) Investigation of trace metals in riverine waterways of Bangladesh using multivariate analyses: spatial toxicity variation and potential health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:31872–31884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13077-4
Qadri H, Uqab B, Javeed O, Dar GH, Bhat RA (2022) Ceratophyllum demersum-An accretion biotool for heavy metal remediation. Sci Total Environ 806(2):150548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150548
Radomirović M, Stanković S, Mandić M, Jović M, Mandić LJ, Dragović S, Onjia A (2021a) Spatial distribution, radiological risk assessment and positive matrix factorization of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the sediment of the Boka Kotorska Bay. Mar Pollut Bull 169:112491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112491
Radomirović M, Mijatović N, Vasić M, Tanaskovski B, Mandić M, Pezo L, Onjia A (2021b) The characterization and pollution status of the surface sediment in the Boka Kotorska Bay, Montenegro. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:53629–53652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14382-8
Ramachandra TV, Sudarshan PB, Mahesh MK, Vinay S (2018) Spatial patterns of heavy metal accumulation in sediments and macrophytes of Bellandur wetland, Bangalore. J Environ Manage 206:1204–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.014
Rani S, Ahmed K, Xiongzhi X, Keliang C, Islam S, Habibullah-Al-Mamun, (2021) Occurrence, spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in surface sediments of rivers and coastal areas of the East Coast of Bangladesh, North-East Bay of Bengal. Sci Total Environ 801:149782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149782
Ravisankar R, Sivakumar S, Chandrasekaran A, Kanagasabapathy KV, Prasad MVR, Satapathy KK (2015) Statistical assessment of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the east coast of Tamilnadu using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF). Appl Radiat Isot 102:42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.03.018
Saydam Eker Ç (2020) Distinct contamination indices for evaluating potentially toxic element levels in stream sediments: a case study of the Harşit Stream (NE Turkey). Arab J Geosci 13:1175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06178-w
Şimşek A, Özkoç HB, Bakan G (2022) Environmental, ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments at Samsun-Tekkeköy, North of Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:2009–2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15746-w
Sojka M, Jaskuła J (2022) Heavy metals in river sediments: contamination, toxicity, and source identification–a case study from Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(17):10502. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710502
Sojka M, Jaskuła J, Barabach J, Ptak M, Zhu S (2022) Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution. Sci Rep 12:15006. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19298-y
Song J, Liu Q, Sheng Y (2019) Distribution and risk assessment of trace metals in riverine surface sediments in gold mining area. Environ Monit Assess 191(3):191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7311-9
Sutherland RA (2000) Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu. Hawaii Environ Geol 39(6):611–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050473
Tepe Y, Şimşek A, Ustaoğlu F, Taş B (2022) Spatial–temporal distribution and pollution indices of heavy metals in the Turnasuyu Stream sediment. Turkey Environ Monit Assess 194(11):818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10490-1
Tokatli C (2019) Sediment quality of Ergene River Basin: bio-ecological risk assessment of toxic metals. Environ Monit Assess 191(11):706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7885-2
Tokatli C, Ustaoğlu F (2020) Health risk assessment of toxicants in Meriç river delta wetland, Thrace region. Turkey Environearth Sci 79:426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09171-4
Tomlinson DL, Wilson JG, Harris CR, Jeffrey DW (1980) Problems in the assessment of heavy-metal levels in estuaries and the formation of a pollution index. Helgol Meeresunters 33(1):566. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02414780
Töre Y, Ustaoğlu F, Tepe Y, Kalipci E (2021) Levels of toxic metals in edible fish species of the Tigris River (Turkey); threat to public health. Ecol Indic 123:107361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107361
Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH (1961) Distribution of the elements in some major units of the earth’s crust. Bull Geol Soc Am 72(2):175–192. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2
USEPA (2004) Risk assessment guidance for superfund, Vol. 1, Human health evaluation manual. Part E (supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment), EPA/540/R/99/005.Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Washington, DC
Ustaoğlu F (2021) Ecotoxicological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Comlekci stream, Giresun, Turkey. Environ Forensics 22:130–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1806148
Ustaoğlu F, Tepe Y (2018) Determination of the Sediment Quality of Pazarsuyu Stream (Giresun, Turkey) by multivariate statistical methods. Turk J Food Agric Sci 6(3):304–312. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i3.304-312.1696
Ustaoğlu F, Tepe Y, Aydin H (2020) Heavy metals in sediments of two nearby streams from Southeastern Black Sea coast: Contamination and ecological risk assessment. Environ Forensics 21(2):145–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1728433
Ustaoğlu F, Kükrer S, Taş B, Topaldemir H (2022a) Evaluation of metal accumulation in Terme River sediments using ecological indices and a bioindicator species. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:47399–47415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19224-9
Ustaoğlu F, Islam MS, Tokatli C (2022b) Ecological and probabilistic human health hazard assessment of heavy metals in Sera Lake Nature Park sediments (Trabzon, Turkey). Arab J Geosci 15:597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09838-1
Varol M (2020) Environmental, ecological and health risks of trace metals in sediments of a large reservoir on the Euphrates River (Turkey). Environ Res 187:109664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109664
Varol M, Şen B (2012) Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in surface water and sediments of the upper Tigris River, Turkey. CATENA 92:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.011
Varol M, Canpolat Ö, Eriş KK, Çağlar M (2020) Trace metals in core sediments from a deep lake in eastern Turkey: vertical concentration profiles, eco-environmental risks and possible sources. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 189:110060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110060
Varol M, Ustaoğlu F, Tokatlı C (2022a) Ecological risks and controlling factors of trace elements in sediments of dam lakes in the Black Sea Region (Turkey). Environ Res 205:112478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112478
Varol M, Ustaoğlu F, Tokatlı C (2022b) Ecological risk assessment of metals in sediments from three stagnant water bodies in Northern Turkey. Curr Pollution Rephttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-022-00239-2
Xia P, Ma L, Sun R, Yang Y, Tang X, Yan D, Lin T, Zhang Y, Yi Y (2020) Evaluation of potential ecological risk, possible sources and controlling factors of heavy metals in surface sediment of Caohai Wetland. China Sci Total Environ 740:14023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140231
Xiao H, Shahab A, Li J, Xi B, Sun X, He H, Yu G (2019) Distribution, ecological risk assessment and source identification of heavy metals in surface sediments of Huixian karst wetland. China Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 185:109700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109700
Yadav A, Yadav PK (2018) Pollution load index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad district. Curr World Environ 13(1):159–164. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.15
Yüksel B, Mergen G, Söylemezoğlu T (2010) Assessment of arsenic levels in human hair by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry: a toxicological application. At Spectrosc 31(1):1–5
Yüksel B, Kayaalti Z, Söylemezoglu T, Türksoy VA, Tutkun E (2015) GAAS determination of arsenic levels in biological samples of workers occuputionally exposed to metals: an application in analytical toxicology. At Spectrosc 36(4):171–176. https://doi.org/10.46770/as.2015.04.004
Yüksel B, Kaya S, Kaya-Akyüzlü D, Kayaaltı Z, Söylemezoglu T (2017) Validation and optimization of an analytical method based on cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of mercury in maternal blood, cord blood, and placenta samples. At Spectrosc 38(4):112–116
Yüksel B, Şen N, Türksoy VA, Tutkun E, Söylemezoğlu T (2018) Effect of exposure time and smoking habit on arsenic levels in biological samples of metal workers in comparison with controls. Marmara Pharm J 22(2):218–226. https://doi.org/10.12991/mpj.2018.59
Yüksel B, Ustaoğlu F, Arıca E (2021) Impacts of a garbage disposal facility on the water quality of Çavuşlu Stream in Giresun, Turkey: a health risk assessment study by a validated ICP-MS assay. Aquat Sci Eng 36(4):181–192. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020845246
Yüksel B, Arıca E, Söylemezoğlu T (2021b) Assessing reference levels of nickel and chromium in cord blood, maternal blood and placenta specimens from Ankara, Turkey. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 22(3):187–195. https://doi.org/10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2021.2020.0202
Yüksel B, Ustaoğlu F, Tokatli C, Islam MS (2022) Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of Çavuşlu stream in Giresun, Turkey: association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:17223–17240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17023-2
Yuksel B, Arica E (2018) Assessment of toxic, essential, and other metal levels by ICP-MS in lake Eymir and Mogan in Ankara, Turkey: an environmental application. At Spectrosc 39:179–184. https://doi.org/10.46770/AS.2018.05.001
Zayed A, Gowthaman S, Terry N (1998) Phytoaccumulation of traces elements by wetland plants: I. Duckweed J Environ Qual 27:715–721
Zedler JB, Kercher S (2005) Wetland Resources: Status, Trends, Ecosystem Services, and Restorability. Annu Rev Environ Resour 30:39–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144248
Zhang G, Bai J, Zhao Q, Lu Q, Jia J, Wen X (2016) Heavy metals in wetland soils along a wetland-forming chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta of China: levels, sources and toxic risks. Ecol Indic 69:331–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.04.042
Zhang Y, Li H, Yin J, Zhu L (2021) Risk assessment for sediment associated heavy metals using sediment quality guidelines modified by sediment properties. Environ Pollut 275:115844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115844
Funding
This research study was financially supported by the Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAP). Project Number: B-1912.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
HT and BT established the idea of the paper and participated in its project and organization. BY prepared the manuscript. FU contributed to the acquisition and explanation of data. HT, BT, BY and FU provided a critical review and significantly revised the manuscript text. All authors read and agreed with the ultimate manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publish
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Alexandros Stefanakis
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Topaldemir, H., Taş, B., Yüksel, B. et al. Potentially hazardous elements in sediments and Ceratophyllum demersum: an ecotoxicological risk assessment in Miliç Wetland, Samsun, Türkiye. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 26397–26416 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23937-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23937-2