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Ecological and probabilistic human health hazard assessment of heavy metals in Sera Lake Nature Park sediments (Trabzon, Turkey)

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Abstract

Sera Lake Nature Park (SLNP) is an important recreational wetland taken under preservation due to its vegetation, fish fauna, and water existence. The main objectives of this study were to determine the distributions, possible sources, and health risks of heavy metals (HMs) in the Sera Lake Nature Park sediments and samples were collected from five sampling sites. The mean values of HMs (mg/kg) are aligned as Al (27,958) > Fe (25,704) > Mn (867) > V (80.08) > Zn (45.58) > Cu (26.27) > Cr (14.39) > Pb (13.41) > Ni (9.69) > Co (9.33) > As (3.80) > Cd (0.22) > Sb (0.20) > Hg (0.03). Only Mn concentration was above the average shale value (850 mg/kg). In addition, based on the outcomes of the contamination factor (CF) and enrichment factor (EF) derived from stations 1 and 3, Mn showed “moderate enrichment” and “moderate contamination” class, respectively. The values of probable effect level (PEL) along with threshold effect level (TEL) determined for Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr did not pose a risk for the sediment biota. Correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the source of HMs is mainly from mix of lithological and anthropogenic inputs. The hazard index (HI) and hazard coefficient (HQ) values for each metal were less than the threshold of 1 for both adults and children. Also, the lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) values of Cd, Cr, Pb, and As showed lower carcinogenic risk (LCR < 10−4). Therefore, the sediments of SLNP can be considered secure regarding human health for recreational use.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Scientific Project Office of Giresun University (FEN-BAP-A-270220–21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Fikret Ustaoğlu

  2. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, DumkiPatuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Md Saiful Islam

  3. Laboratory Technology Department, Trakya University, İpsala, Edirne, Turkey

    Cem Tokatli

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  1. Fikret Ustaoğlu
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Fikret USTAOĞLU established the idea of the paper, participated in its project and organization. Fikret USTAOĞLU assisted to prepare the manuscript. Fikret USTAOĞLU and Md. Saiful Islam contributed to the acquisition and explanation of data. Cem TOKATLI and Md. Saiful Islam provided critical review and significantly revised the manuscript text. All authors read and agreed the ultimate manuscript.

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Ustaoğlu, F., Islam, M.S. & Tokatli, C. Ecological and probabilistic human health hazard assessment of heavy metals in Sera Lake Nature Park sediments (Trabzon, Turkey). Arab J Geosci 15, 597 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09838-1

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