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Integrated Spatial Distribution and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Assessment of Ecotoxicological and Health Risks of Sediment Metal Contamination, Ömerli Dam (Istanbul, Turkey)

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Abstract

The accumulation, distribution, and contamination status of metals in the Ömerli Dam sediments were investigated using ecotoxicological and human health indexes in this study. Identifying potential sources of waste metals in the sediments and assessing ecological risks, principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), potential load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (Eri), modified hazard classification methods such as quotient (mHQ), toxic units (TUs), toxic risk index (TRI), integrated pollution index (IPI) methods are used. Potential health risks of toxic metals in sediment were designated by modified hazard quotient (mHQ), hazard index (HI), and total lifetime cancer risk (LCR) models. Besides, heavy metal concentrations and calculated index values ​​were evaluated with spatial distribution maps using the IDW technique with GIS software. The average of metal concentrations was put in order as follows: (mg/kg) Al (74,290.39) > Fe (37,767.10) > Mn (484.20) > Zn (180.81) > Cr (117.26) > V (108.17) > Pb (94.76) > Ni (63.67) > Cu (53.11) > Co (15.65) > As (15.04) > Sb (1.86) > Cd (1.76) > Hg (1.30). Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Hg, and Pb average values are higher than the earth's crust's average values. According to EFs which is an indicator of anthropogenic inputs, EFCd (7.34) and EFPb (5.92) showed moderate–severe enrichment, and EFHg (4.08) was moderate enrichment. PCA/FA and CA revealed that heavy metal contamination is affected by more than one source of pollution. HQ and HI values for each metal are less than 1 for children and adults. LCR values of Cd, Cr, Pb, and As are lower than the target risk level (1.00E-04). According to this study, more attention should be paid to the comprehensive risk assessment of metals in the sediment ecosystem for both aquatic biota and residents in the vicinity of the Ömerli Dam.

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Acknowledgements

This research was carried out with the support of Nevsehir HBV University and Sinop University's laboratories, Scientific and Technological Researches Application and Research Center (SUBITAM). We would like to thank Seda Alkaya, undergraduate student, for her help in the laboratory and field work at the first stage of the study.

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  1. Department of Geomatic Engineering, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Hüseyin Cüce, Erkan Kalipci & Mehmet Ali Dereli

  2. Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Fikret Ustaoğlu

  3. Department of Chemistry, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Aysun Türkmen

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  1. Hüseyin Cüce
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  2. Erkan Kalipci
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  3. Fikret Ustaoğlu
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The name(s) of the author(s): Hüseyin CÜCE1*, Erkan KALIPCI2, Fikret USTAOĞLU3, Mehmet Ali DERELI4, AysunTÜRKMEN5 (1)HC, (2) EK, (3) FU, (4) MAD, (5)AT *Corresponding author:huseyin.cuce@giresun.edu.tr.

HC organized/performed the field-experimental studies and wrote the manuscript, EK processed/interpreted all the data and assisted in writing the manuscript, FU made statistical/index calculations and provided its interpretation, MAD worked with GIS on mapping and interpretation of the spatial distribution of data, and AT processed the ICP outputs and assisted writing in English for clarity. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Cüce, H., Kalipci, E., Ustaoğlu, F. et al. Integrated Spatial Distribution and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Assessment of Ecotoxicological and Health Risks of Sediment Metal Contamination, Ömerli Dam (Istanbul, Turkey). Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 199 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05670-1

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