Abstract
With rapid urbanization and industrialization, rural rivers in China are facing deterioration in water quality and ecosystem health. Microorganisms living in river sediments are involved in biogeochemical processes, mineralization, and degradation of pollutants. Understanding bacterial community distribution in rural rivers could help evaluate the response of river ecosystems to environmental pollution and understand the river self-purification mechanism. In this study, the relationship between characteristics of sediment microbial communities and the surrounding environmental factors in a typical rural river was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The results showed that the dominant bacterial groups in the river sediment were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, accounting for 83.61% of the total microbial load. Different areas have different sources of pollution which give rise to specific dominant bacteria. The upstream part of the river flows through an agricultural cultivation area where the dominant bacteria were norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae, Haliangium, and Pseudolabrys, possessing obvious nitrogen- and phosphorus-metabolizing activities. The midstream section flows through an urban area where the dominant bacteria were Marmoricola, Nocardioides, Gaiella, Sphingomonas, norank_f_67-14, Subgroup_10, Agromyces, and Lysobacter, with strong metabolizing activity for toxic pollutants. The dominant bacteria in the downstream part were Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, norank_f__Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, Candidatus_Competibacter, and Methylocystis. Redundancy analysis and correlation heatmap analysis showed that environmental factors: ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N) and total nitrogen (TN) in the sediment, and pH, temperature, TN, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water, significantly affected the bacterial community in the sediment. The PICRUSt2 functional prediction analysis identified that the main function of bacteria in the sediment was metabolism (77.3%), specifically carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. These activities are important for degrading organic matter and removing pollutants from the sediments. The study revealed the influence of organic pollutants derived from human activities on the bacterial community composition in the river sediments. It gave a new insight into the relationship between environmental factors and bacterial community distribution in rural watershed ecosystems, providing a theoretical basis for self-purification and bioremediation of rural rivers.
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source regions in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of rivers. PICRUSt2 was used to identify the functional groups associated with level 3 functional categories
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The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 52170104; Grant no. 51979237), the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province (2021YJ0382), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2682021CX066).
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Cheng Yang selected the topic, designed the research methodology, collected and sorted the data, and wrote the first draft. Han Zhang and Zhuo Zeng selected the topic, designed the research methodology, and reviewed and finalized the manuscript. Dongdong Gao collected and sorted the data. Guangyi He and Yuanyuan Wang designed the research methodology. Ying Liu, Yan Wang, and Xinyu Du analyzed the data. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Yang, C., Zeng, Z., Zhang, H. et al. Distribution of sediment microbial communities and their relationship with surrounding environmental factors in a typical rural river, Southwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 84206–84225 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21627-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21627-7