Abstract
Countries participating in the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization have few options for the environmentally appropriate final disposal of municipal solid waste. Thus, sustainable practices aimed at reducing the negative effects of such a disposal on the environment are complex and hard to accomplish, since solid waste generation per capita proportionally increases as populations grow (≈ 2.7% > world average), mainly in countries inserted in Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, management, and ecological factors represented by 18 independent variables were statistically analyzed to explain waste per capita variation in Amazonian countries and sub-regions. Multiple Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied; 13 of them recorded significant results (p < 0.05). Subsequently, simple and multivariate regression analyses were carried out by taking into consideration waste per capita and significant variables. Simple regression results recorded for variables “IAC” and “Gini index” were significant (RIAC2 = 60.09%, RGini2 = 30.83%), with emphasis on “Amazon biome” (DF = 33, p < 0.01, RBiome2 = 5.34%). Multivariate models resulted in wide explainability variation, depending on the number and type of available variable (54.47% ≤ Raj2 ≤ 70.83%), with emphasis on “IAC,” “Ptot,” “Purb,” “Wton,” “Lon,” Area, “HDI,” “Gini,” and “SDG11” (p < 0.01). In conclusion, waste per capita estimation models can present variations and geographical interdependencies due to different variables and factors that reflect the current public policies and municipal solid waste management practices.
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Source: ACTO (2018)
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary file.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Education and Training Alliance Program (PAEC-OAS-GCUB), Propespg/UNIFAP; to the Chemistry, Sanitation and Environmental Systems Modeling Laboratory (LQSMSA) and to public agencies in Brazil (SNIS), Colombia (SSPD), Peru (MINAM) for making their data available.
Funding
The current study was funded by CAPES/PPGCA-UNIFAP program (process n. 88882.441452/2019–01); CNPq (process n. 309684/2018–8) and Funasa—Tedplan/TR 06/2018.
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The study proposal was designed by advisors CARF and ACdC. HFAC performed all other steps and elaborated the figures. CARF and ACdC prepared and reviewed the statistical analyses. All authors participated in data analysis and curation processes. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Flores, C.A.R., da Cunha, A.C. & Cunha, H.F.A. Solid waste generation indicators, per capita, in Amazonian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 33138–33151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18509-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-18509-3