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Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review

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Abstract

Most water bodies around the world suffer from pollution to varying degrees. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a simple and efficient ecological treatment technology and have been widely studied and applied as a sustainable solution for different source waters. Based on the analysis of abundant literature in the last ten years, this paper systematically reviews the history and the latest development of FTWs. Meanwhile, the treatment performance and pollutant removal mechanisms of FTWs on the natural water, stormwater, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff are analyzed. In particular, very interesting information is provided, such as water depth, water surface coverage, the ratio of dissolved to total phosphorous (DRP/TP), the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N/P), BOD/COD ratio, and its effects on the efficiency and removal mechanisms of FTWs. This information will provide useful references and guidance for optimizing the design of FTW and pollutant treatment efficiency of different source waters. This paper also provides an objective review of the limitations of FTWs. Subsequently, the enhancements of FTW technology which are recognized to be effective, including aeration, adding functional fillers or obligate degrading bacteria, and construction of hybrid FTWs, are summarized and recommendations are made for further research.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. More detailed data is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Major Science and Technology Project of Water Pollution Control and Management in China (2017ZX07202004).

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  1. Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Shuting Shen, Xiang Li & Xiwu Lu

  2. ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People’s Republic of China

    Shuting Shen, Xiang Li & Xiwu Lu

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  1. Shuting Shen
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  2. Xiang Li
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SSt had the idea for the article and drafted the work. SSt and LX performed the literature search and data analysis. LXw offered advice to the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Shen, ., Li, X. & Lu, X. Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 62061–62084 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16663-8

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