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Evaluation of ecological risk, source, and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey

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Abstract

In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey, were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo-spatial distribution patterns, were used to assess the pollution status, ecological risks, and sources of metals in sediment in detail. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni, and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo-spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgment

The authors are grateful to the Trabzon Fisheries Central Research Institute (SUMAE) for their contribution to sediment sampling and Dr. Ali Erdem Özçelik for drawing the sampling map.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of National Education, Trabzon, Turkey

    Aylin Apaydın

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering, Gazi Universit, Ankara, Turkey

    Hatice Kabaoğlu

  3. Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey

    Gökhan Apaydın & Engin Tıraşoğlu

  4. Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey

    Murat Şirin & Hasan Baltaş

  5. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Fundamental Science, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey

    Erhan Cengiz

  6. Gölbaşı Vocational School, Department of Electricity and Energy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey

    Oğuz Kağan Köksal

Authors
  1. Aylin Apaydın
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  2. Hatice Kabaoğlu
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  3. Gökhan Apaydın
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  4. Murat Şirin
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  5. Erhan Cengiz
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  6. Oğuz Kağan Köksal
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  7. Hasan Baltaş
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  8. Engin Tıraşoğlu
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Contributions

AA, GA, MŞ, ET, OKK: sample collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation. AA, GA, MŞ, EC, HB: data interpretation and editing of the manuscript. AA, OKK, GA, ET: identification of collected samples. AA, GA, MŞ, HB, EC: analysis and data interpretation. HK, MŞ, AA: visualization. MŞ, EC, OKK: manuscript editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gökhan Apaydın.

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Responsible Editor: V.V.S.S. Sarma

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Apaydın, A., Kabaoğlu, H., Apaydın, G. et al. Evaluation of ecological risk, source, and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 7053–7066 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4

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