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Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract ameliorated hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and regulated inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. Cyperus iria (Cyperaceae) possess several traditional therapeutic uses. According to the folklore tales, the whole plant of Cyperus iria possesses antihyperglycemic activity. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether aqueous-ethanol extract of Cyperus iria can ameliorate the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats along with appraisal of inflammatory and stress markers involved in endocrine dysfunction. Presence of biophenolics and flavonoids might be responsible for the antidiabetic potential. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with Cyperus iria extract (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 15 days. Blood samples were collected. Metformin was used as positive control. Significantly higher quantities of phenolic (82.79±0.003 mg/g GAE) and flavonoid (13.61±0.002 mg/g QE) contents were present. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) exhibited an excellent potential for both antioxidant (IC50= 3.22 μg/mL) and alpha amylase (IC50=36.29 μg/mL) inhibitory assays. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the existence of myercetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and ferulic acid. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract exhibits good tolerance against glucose at 90 min in normal rats. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia declined significantly at day 9 (265 mg/dL) along with improvement in inflammatory (TNF-α=15.6± 0.2 g/l, COX-2=357±0.396 U/l, IL-6= 572±0.99 pg/l) and oxidative stress markers (SOD= 163±0.616 and GSH-ST= 95.8±0.44 U/mL) along with biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Present study suggests that Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract possesses hypoglycemic potential which might be attributed to the decrease in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article as supplementary files.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Healh and Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Myeda Saeed

  2. Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ali Sharif

  3. Imran Idress College of Pharmacy, 3-km Daska Road, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Saeed Ul Hassan

  4. Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Bushra Akhtar

  5. Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Faqir Muhammad

  6. Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Maryam Malik

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  1. Myeda Saeed
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  2. Ali Sharif
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  4. Bushra Akhtar
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Contributions

M.S. performed the experimental work and participated in data interpretation. B.A. and F.M. participated in the data analysis, statistical analysis; A.S., M.M., and S.U. conceived the study, carried out the experimental design and data interpretation, and prepared and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ali Sharif.

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The study was conducted followed by the approval of Animal Ethical Committee (IREC-2019-87) in accordance with the NC3Rs ARRIVE Guidelines, adhere to ethical guidelines of The Basel Declaration, the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) ethical guidelines, and Directive 2010/63/EU. All procedures followed were in accordance with the standards set forth in the eighth edition of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” (grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/guide-for-the-care-anduse-of-laboratory-animals_prepub.pdf published by the National Academy of Sciences, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.).

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Responsible Editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

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Figure 1.

Calibration curve of Standard Gallic acid, Figure 2. Calibration curve of Standard Quercetin, Figure 3. Standard spectra of flavonolic compounds (DOCX 211 kb)

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Saeed, M., Sharif, A., Hassan, S.U. et al. Cyperus iria aqueous-ethanol extract ameliorated hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and regulated inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 4769–4784 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15917-9

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