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Increased serum levels of cadmium are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in adults

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Abstract

Previous studies have determined the effects of exposure to certain heavy metals on cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the association between cadmium exposure and CVD in adults remains unclear. The relationship between serum levels of cadmium and the risk of CVD was studied by analyzing available data from 38,223 different participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2016. After adjusting for all covariates, we found that higher serum cadmium concentrations were positively related to both the overall risk of CVD (odds ratio (OR): 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22, 1.72; p for trend <0.001) and the risks of its subtypes, including congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Elevated cadmium levels were associated with increased levels of lipids and inflammatory factors, including blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, white blood cells (WBCs), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Our study provided epidemiological evidence that cadmium may increase the risk of CVD by elevating blood lipids and inflammation.

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This work was supported by Key Project supported by the Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation, Nanjing Municipality Health Bureau (ZKX19039), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC1308105), the Clinical Frontier Technology of Clinical Medicine of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department (BE2017608), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81970265,82000303), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20180144), the Nanjing Science and Technology Development Project (2019060007), and the Key Medical Discipline of Science & Education Project of Jiangsu Province (ZDXKB2016017).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Siyu Ma, Min Da, Yang Xu, Yong Chen & Xuming Mo

  2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Jie Zhang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

    Cheng Xu

  4. Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

    Cheng Xu

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  1. Siyu Ma
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  2. Jie Zhang
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  3. Cheng Xu
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  4. Min Da
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  5. Yang Xu
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  6. Yong Chen
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Contributions

Xuming Mo: conceptualization, validation, supervision, and funding acquisition. Siyu Ma: methodology, writing—original draft and visualization. Cheng Xu: methodology, formal analysis, and visualization. Jie Zhang: supervision and project administration. Min Da, Yang Xu, and Yong Chen: resources.

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Correspondence to Xuming Mo.

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High blood levels of Cd are associated with increased risks of overall CVD and four of the CVD subtypes.

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Ma, S., Zhang, J., Xu, C. et al. Increased serum levels of cadmium are associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 1836–1844 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15732-2

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