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Manganese in potable water of nine districts, Bangladesh: human health risk

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Abstract

Safe drinking water is directly linked to good human health. An excessive amount of manganese (Mn) in drinking water supplies causes people show symptoms of neurotoxicity. In this study, the level of Mn in potable water sourced from tube wells located in 9 (nine) districts of Bangladesh was monitored. In total, 170 (one hundred and seventy) water samples were collected and Mn was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The levels of Mn found in the tube well water samples of Sirajganj, Meherpur, Chuadanga, Jhenaidah, Magura, Faridpur, Jashore, Satkhira, and Khulna were 0.37–1.86, 0.10–4.11, 0.30–0.76, 0.26–0.94, 0.01–0.18, 0.21–1.78, 0.08–1.23, 0.05–0.27, and 0.01–2.11 mg/L, respectively. Results revealed that Mn level was beyond the highest contaminated levels of 0.1 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L, which are recommended by Bangladesh Drinking Standard (BDS) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The maximum Mn contaminated level reached up to 4.11 mg/L (mean, 0.53 mg/L). The Mn level in tube well water exceeded 51.1% and 75.9% set by the recommended value of WHO and BDS, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) value for Mn was observed to be greater than unity, indicating both children and adults risked potential non-carcinogenic health issues. The water supply authorities should take steps to provide Mn-free drinking water for communities.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly acknowledge the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory Khulna, Jhenaidah, and Bogura for providing the laboratory facilities. We are also thankful to the field workers for their assistance in the sampling process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Md. Aminur Rahman & Md. Rashidul Islam

  2. Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Khulna-9100, Bangladesh

    Md. Aminur Rahman

  3. Department of Leather Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna-9203, Bangladesh

    Md. Abul Hashem

  4. Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Bogura, Bangladesh

    Md. Sohel Rana

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  1. Md. Aminur Rahman
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  2. Md. Abul Hashem
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Contributions

Aminur Rahman: visualization/conceptualization, investigation, methodology, and writing-review, and editing. Abul Hashem: investigation, methodology, supervision, data managing-organizing, writing-original draft, writing-review, and editing. Sohel Rana: sampling and data collection. Rashidul Islam: review and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md. Abul Hashem.

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Highlights

• Seventy-six percent of tube well water manganese level exceeds Bangladesh drinking water standard.

• Compared to WHO guideline 51% tube well water manganese exceeds permissible level.

• Hazard quotient of Mn was greater than unity, potentially non-carcinogenic health risks.

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Rahman, M.A., Hashem, M.A., Rana, M.S. et al. Manganese in potable water of nine districts, Bangladesh: human health risk. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 45663–45675 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14016-z

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