Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the heavy metal contamination of lake sediments in rapidly developing regions. In this study, heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn) concentrations in sediment surface samples and cores from the Nansi Lake were investigated to ascertain the potential sources and environmental risks of heavy metals. The average concentration of heavy metals was 0.16–16.04 times background concentrations. The enrichment factor, Tomlinson pollution load index, geo accumulation index, positive definite matrix factor analysis (PMF), and potential ecological risk index were used to assess heavy metal concentrations and explore the evolution of heavy metal sources, and result indicated that Cd reached moderate pollution levels, which is the most polluted heavy metal in the history and present, while the remaining heavy metals are at low or no pollution levels. The contribution of Cd to RI exceeded 76%, which is the decisive factor in the ecological risk of Nansi Lake. The result of ecological risk showed that the risk level for most of Nansi Lake is medium, and some areas of Zhaoyang Lake and Weishan Lake reach high levels. The PMF results showed that there are four main factors influencing heavy metal concentrations in Nansi Lake sediments, including industrial sources, fertilizers, and herbicides used in agricultural production, traffic-related emissions, and mineral mining. Among these factors, industrial and mineral mining sources were found to be the most important, and the highest contribution rate occurred in the −10cm (1960s). Although the contribution of fertilizers and herbicides is lower than that of other sources, increasing trend should be a warning sign that Cd has reached a high ecological risk level in Nansi Lake sediments.
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The authors would like to thank the editors and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions on this paper.
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This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.41671033).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Sen Guo, Junhong Ling, Baojian Chang, and Guanglei Zhao. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Sen Guo. Yizhang Zhang, Jieying Xiao, and Qiuying Zhang make contribution to this manuscript by editing, supervision, and validation. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Guo, S., Zhang, Y., Xiao, J. et al. Assessment of heavy metal content, distribution, and sources in Nansi Lake sediments, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 30929–30942 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12729-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12729-9