Abstract
Plant diseases significantly impact the global economy, and plant pathogenic microorganisms such as nematodes, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and viroids may be the etiology for most infectious diseases. In agriculture, the development of disease-free plants is an important strategy for the determination of the survival and productivity of plants in the field. This article reviews biosensor methods of disease detection that have been used effectively in other fields, and these methods could possibly transform the production methods of the agricultural industry. The precise identification of plant pathogens assists in the assessment of effective management steps for minimization of production loss. The new plant pathogen detection methods include evaluation of signs of disease, detection of cultured organisms, or direct examination of contaminated tissues through molecular and serological techniques. Laboratory-based approaches are costly and time-consuming and require specialized skills. The conclusions of this review also indicate that there is an urgent need for the establishment of a reliable, fast, accurate, responsive, and cost-effective testing method for the detection of field plants at early stages of growth. We also summarized new emerging biosensor technologies, including isothermal amplification, detection of nanomaterials, paper-based techniques, robotics, and lab-on-a-chip analytical devices. However, these constitute novelty in the research and development of approaches for the early diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture.
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Acknowledgments
The authors highly acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Muhammad Rizwan, Dr. Freddy Mora-Poblete, and Mr. Muhammad Kamran for their contribution to improve the quality of this review paper.
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This study was funded by the Chilean National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) under grant number-1201973.
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We thank Q.A. for the conceptualization and writing the original draft of this review article; S.A, M.A.S, M.K, M.A, M.H.S, M.M, and M.R. for reviewing and editing the first draft; A.M.A. and M.R. for the validation of review contents; and F.M.P, M.K, A.T.A.J., and S.A. for the supervision and funding resources.
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Ali, Q., Ahmar, S., Sohail, M.A. et al. Research advances and applications of biosensing technology for the diagnosis of pathogens in sustainable agriculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9002–9019 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12419-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12419-6