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Neuroprotective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) specifically involves the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region, which mainly begun with the overwhelmed oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Considering the antioxidant and other pharmacological properties, Eclipta alba needs to be exploited for its possible neuroprotective efficacy against PD and other neurological disorders. Therefore, the current study was conducted to exemplify the remedial effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of E. alba (EA-MEx) against MPP+-elicited in vitro and in vivo PD models. SH-SY5Y, a neuroblastoma cell culture and male Wistar rats were used to impersonate the hallmarks of PD. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of EA-MEx revealed the presence of quercetin, ellagic acid, catechin, kaempferol, and epicatechin at varying concentrations. EA-MEx was found to deliver considerable protection against MPP+-induced oxidative damages in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, in vivo study also supported the neuroprotective efficacy of EA-MEx, with significant mitigation of behavioral deficits induced by intrastriatal injection of MPP+. Furthermore, the disturbed levels of cellular antioxidant machinery have been significantly improved with the pre-treatment of EA-MEx. Mechanistically, the expression of α-synuclein, tyrosine hydroxylase, and mortalin were also found to be improved with the prior treatment of EA-MEx. Hence, the study suggests Eclipta alba as a suitable candidate for the development of better neuropathological therapeutics.

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Data availability

All datasets produced for this study are included in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

DAergic:

Dopaminergic

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

EA-MEx:

95% hydro-alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

IC50 :

50% inhibitory concentration

MgCl2 :

Magnesium chloride

MPP+ :

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MPTP:

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MTT:

3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

6-OHDA:

6-Hydroxydopamine

PBST:

Phosphate buffer saline/Triton X-100

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

TRI:

Trizol

UPLC:

Ultrapressure liquid chromatography

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Funding

This work was supported by financial grant provided by Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB), New Delhi, under the scheme of National Postdoctoral Fellowship wide order No. PDF/2016/002737.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Gaurav Bhatia & Bimla Nehru

  2. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Jatinder Singh

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  1. Gaurav Bhatia
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  2. Jatinder Singh
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  3. Bimla Nehru
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Contributions

GB: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, data curation, and writing—original draft. JS: helped to analyze the in vitro study in the manuscript. BN: supervision and reviewing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Bimla Nehru.

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We wish to confirm that there are no known competing interests associated with this publication.

Ethical approval

The present study has been ethically approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Ethical approval number 109/IAEC/18).

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Not applicable. The present study does not involve any human participants, human data or human tissue.

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Not applicable. The present study does not contain any individual person’s data.

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Bhatia, G., Singh, J. & Nehru, B. Neuroprotective effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 9390–9406 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11452-1

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