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Effect of trade on ecological quality: a case of D-8 countries

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Abstract

Sustainable development inculcates the process of preserving the environment for future generations while maintaining existing human needs. This study attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, GDP, energy consumption, and imports and exports using yearly data between 1980 and 2014 for the panel of eight developing countries (i.e., Bangladesh, Egypt, Iran, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey). All the tests for cointegration establish the long-run association among the variables and confirm the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the panel of eight countries. GDP and energy consumption remained significant factors for emission intensity both in the long and short run. However, exports found to be positive factor for emissions in the long run only and imports spur emissions in the short run. The country-specific results validate EKC hypothesis for Bangladesh, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The findings are policy oriented and suggest that the countries’ economic growth along with energy consumption and exports are highly emission intensive which require necessary adjustments at sustainable development policy front.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sukkur IBA University, Airport Road Sukkur, Sukkur, Sindh, 65200, Pakistan

    Khalid Ahmed & Pirih Mukesh

  2. Cag University, Adana-Mersin yolu uzeri, Yenice, 33800, Mersin, Turkey

    Ilhan Ozturk

  3. Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs, Khairpur, Sindh, 66020, Pakistan

    Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro

Authors
  1. Khalid Ahmed
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  2. Ilhan Ozturk
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  3. Ikhtiar Ali Ghumro
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  4. Pirih Mukesh
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Correspondence to Khalid Ahmed.

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Responsible editor: Nicholas Apergis

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Ahmed, K., Ozturk, I., Ghumro, I.A. et al. Effect of trade on ecological quality: a case of D-8 countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 35935–35944 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06520-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06520-0

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