Alomar H, Chabert A, Coeurdassier M, Vey D, Berny P (2018) Accumulation of anticoagulant rodenticides (chlorophacinone, bromadiolone and brodifacoum) in a non-target invertebrate, the slug, Deroceras reticulatum. Sci Total Environ 610:576–582
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
BAuA (2017) List of biocidal products authorized in Germany in product type 14 (rodenticides). Accessed Sept. 2017. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)
Berny PJ, Buronfosse T, Buronfosse F, Lamarque F, Lorgue G (1997) Field evidence of secondary poisoning of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and buzzards (Buteo buteo) by bromadiolone, a 4-year survey. Chemosphere 35(8):1817–1829. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00242-7
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bidny S, Gago K, David M, Duong T, Albertyn D, Gunja N (2015) A validated LC-MS-MS method for simultaneous identification and quantitation of rodenticides in blood. J Anal Toxicol 39(3):219–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bku175
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Buckle AP, Eason CT (2015) Control methods: chemical. In: Buckle A, Smith R (editors), Rodent pests and their control. CABI Book, pp. 123. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845938178.0000
BVL (2017) Register of plant protection products. BVL: The Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Germany
Google Scholar
Chen XH, Cai MQ, Ouyang XK, Jin MC (2009) Ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous confirmation and determination of indandione rodenticides in serum. Biomed Chromatogr 23(11):1217–1226. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.1246
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Christensen TK, Lassen P, Elmeros M (2012) High exposure rates of anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory bird species in intensively managed landscapes in Denmark. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 63:437–444
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Daniels D 2013: Memorandum: second generation anticoagulant rodenticide assessment, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, California, http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/registration/reevaluation/chemicals/brodifacoum_final_assess.pdf
Dowding CV, Shore RF, Worgan A, Baker PJ, Harris S (2010) Accumulation of anticoagulant rodenticides in a non-target insectivore, the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Environ Pollut 158(1):161–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.017
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Eason CT, Murphy EC, Wright GR, Spurr EB (2002) Assessment of risks of brodifacoum to non-target birds and mammals in New Zealand. Ecotoxicology 11(1):35–48. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013793029831
Article
Google Scholar
ECHA (2007) Difethialone: assessment report product-type 14 (rodenticides). Annex I. 21 June 2007. Rapporteur Member State: Norway. European Chemicals Agency. https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/8d235346-557e-4906-ad4b-86714378e8ed/Difethialone%20assessment%20report%20as%20finalised%20on%2021.06.07.pdf
ECHA (2010) Assessment report bromadiolone product-type 14 (rodenticides) Directive 98/8/EC concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market. Inclusion of active substances in annex I or IA to Directive 98/8/EC. European Chemicals Agency, Sweden. https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/861933f1-29f7-4758-8d69-7d9eafea4ca5/Assessment%20Report%20revised%2016122011.pdf
ECHA (2017a) Biocidal active substances. European_Chemicals_Agency. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/biocidal-active-substances
ECHA (2017b) Biocidal products R4BP3. European_Chemicals_Agency, Helsinki, Finland. https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/biocidal-products
Elliott JE, Hindmarch S, Albert CA, Emery J, Mineau P, Maisonneuve F (2014) Exposure pathways of anticoagulant rodenticides to nontarget wildlife. Environ Monit Assess 186(2):895–906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3422-x
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Elmeros M, Christensen TK, Lassen P (2011) Concentrations of anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats Mustela erminea and weasels Mustela nivalis from Denmark. Sci Total Environ 409(12):2373–2378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.006
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Elmeros M, Lassen P, Bossi R, Topping CJ (2018) Exposure of stone marten (Martes foina) and polecat (Mustela putorius) to anticoagulant rodenticides: effects of regulatory restrictions of rodenticide use. Sci Total Environ 612:1358–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.034
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fisher P, Funnell E, Fairweather A, Brown L, Campion M (2012) Accidental discharge of brodifacoum baits into a freshwater lake: a case study. B Environ Contam Tox 88(2):226–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-011-0470-1
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fourel I, Damin-Pernik M, Benoit E, Lattard V (2017a) Core-shell LC-MS/MS method for quantification of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides diastereoisomers in rat liver in relationship with exposure of wild rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 1041-1042:120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.028
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fourel I, Damin-Pernik M, Benoit E, Lattard V (2017b) Cis-bromadiolone diastereoisomer is not involved in bromadiolone red kite (Milvus milvus) poisoning. Sci Total Environ 601-602:1412–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.011
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fournier-Chambrillon C, Berny PJ, Coiffier O, Barbedienne P, Dasse B, Delas G, Galineau H, Mazet A, Pouzenc P, Rosoux R, Fournier P (2004) Evidence of secondary poisoning of free-ranging riparian mustelids by anticoagulant rodenticides in France: implications for conservation of European mink (Mustela lutreola). J Wildl Dis 40(4):688–695. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-40.4.688
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fryer RJ, Nicholson MD (1999) Using smoothers for comprehensive assessments of contaminant time series in marine biota. ICES J Mar Sci 56(5):779–790. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1999.0499
Article
Google Scholar
Geduhn A, Esther A, Schenke D, Mattes H, Jacob J (2014) Spatial and temporal exposure patterns in non-target small mammals during brodifacoum rat control. Sci Total Environ 496:328–338
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Geduhn A, Jacob J, Schenke D, Keller B, Kleinschmidt S, Esther A (2015) Relation between intensity of biocide practice and residues of anticoagulant rodenticides in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). PLoS One 10(9):e0139191. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139191
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Geduhn A, Esther A, Schenke D, Gabriel D, Jacob J (2016) Prey composition modulates exposure risk to anticoagulant rodenticides in a sentinel predator, the barn owl. Sci Total Environ 544:150–157
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gomez-Canela C, Barata C, Lacorte S (2014) Occurrence, elimination, and risk of anticoagulant rodenticides and drugs during wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 21:7194–7203
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gomez-Ramirez P, Shore RF, van den Brink NW, van Hattum B, Bustnes JO, Duke G, Fritsch C, Garcia-Fernandez AJ, Helander BO, Jaspers V, Krone O, Martinez-Lopez E, Mateo R, Movalli P, Sonne C (2014) An overview of existing raptor contaminant monitoring activities in Europe. Environ Int 67:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.02.004
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hernandez AM, Bernal J, Bernal JL, Martin MT, Caminero C, Nozal MJ (2013) Analysis of anticoagulant rodenticide residues in Microtus arvalis tissues by liquid chromatography with diode array, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 925:76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.032
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hughes J, Sharp E, Taylor MJ, Melton L, Hartley G (2013) Monitoring agricultural rodenticide use and secondary exposure of raptors in Scotland. Ecotoxicology 22:974–984
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Imran M, Shafi H, Wattoo SA, Chaudhary MT, Usman HF (2015) Analytical methods for determination of anticoagulant rodenticides in biological samples. Forensic Sci Int 253:94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.008
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jin MC, Chen XH, Zhu Y (2007) Determination of five 4-hydroxycoumarin rodenticides in animal liver tissues by ion chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1155(1):57–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.074
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jin MC, Chen XH, Ye ML, Zhu Y (2008) Analysis of indandione anticoagulant rodenticides in animal liver by eluent generator reagent free ion chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1213(1):77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.100
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jin MC, Cai MQ, Chen XH (2009) Simultaneous measurement of indandione-type rodenticides in human serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization- tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 33(6):294–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/33.6.294
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Klein R, Paulus M, Tarricone K, Teubne D (2012) Guidelines for sampling, transport, storage and chemical characterization of environmental and human samples, guideline for sampling and sample treatment bream (Abramis brama); V 2.0.2. German Environmental Agency
Krüger G, Solas H (2010) Neighbours in the sewer network results of a questionnaire survey on rat control. Korrespondenz Abwasser Abfall 57:430–435
Google Scholar
Langford KH, Reid M, Thomas KV (2013) The occurrence of second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in non-target raptor species in Norway. Sci Total Environ 450-451:205–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.100
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Larsen J (2003) Supplement to the methodology for risk evaluation of biocides. Emission scenario document for biocides used as rodenticides: CA-Jun03-Doc.8.2-PT14. In: EPA D (Hrsg). https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/16908203/pt14_rodenticides_en.pdf/159a8bb4-69bb-4bc4-9267-0b3221d16d09
Lemarchand C, Rosoux R, Berny P (2010) Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, heavy metals and anticoagulant rodenticides in tissues of Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) from upper Loire River catchment (France). Chemosphere 80:1120–1124
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Marek LJ, Koskinen WC (2007) Multiresidue analysis of seven anticoagulant rodenticides by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray/mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 55(3):571–576. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061440y
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Marsalek P, Modra H, Doubkova V, Vecerek V (2015) Simultaneous determination of ten anticoagulant rodenticides in tissues by column-switching UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 407:7849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-8954-1
Masuda BM, Fisher P, Beaven B (2015) Residue profiles of brodifacoum in coastal marine species following an island rodent eradication. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:1–8
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McDonald RA, Harris S, Turnbull G, Brown P, Fletcher M (1998) Anticoagulant rodenticides in stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (Mustela nivalis) in England. Environ Pollut 103:17–23
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
McMillin S, Hosea R, Finlayson B, Cypher B, Mekebri A (2008): Anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in an urban population of the San Joaquin kit fox, Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Vertebrate Pest Conference, pp. 163–165
Newton I, Wyllie I, Freestone P (1990) Rodenticides in British barn owls. Environ Pollut 68:101–117
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Nogeire TM, Lawler JJ, Schumaker NH, Cypher BL, Phillips SE (2015) Land use as a driver of patterns of rodenticide exposure in modeled kit fox populations. PLoS One 10(8):e0133351. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133351
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pohl P, Dulio V, Botta F, Schwarzbauer J, Rüdel H (2015) Environmental monitoring of biocides in Europe—compartment-specific strategies, NORMAN/UBA Workshop. (FKZ) 3712 67 403. German Environment Agency, Dessau Rosslau
Google Scholar
Primus T, Wright G, Fisher P (2005) Accidental discharge of brodifacoum baits in a tidal marine environment: a case study. B Environ Contam Tox 74(5):913–919. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0668-1
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Proulx G, MacKenzie N (2012) Relative abundance of American badger (Taxidea taxus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in landscapes with high and low rodenticide poisoning levels. Integr Zool 7(1):41–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00276.x
Article
Google Scholar
Quinn JH, Girard YA, Gilardi K, Hernandez Y, Poppenga R, Chomel BB, Foley JE, Johnson CK (2012) Pathogen and rodenticide exposure in American badgers (Taxidea taxus) in California. J Wildl Dis 48(2):467–472. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-48.2.467
Article
Google Scholar
Rattner BA, Lazarus RS, Elliott JE, Shore RF, van den Brink N (2014) Adverse outcome pathway and risks of anticoagulant rodenticides to predatory wildlife. Environ Sci Technol 48(15):8433–8445. https://doi.org/10.1021/es501740n
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rattner BA, Horak KE, Lazarus RS, Schultz SL, Knowles S, Abbo BG, Volker SF (2015) Toxicity reference values for chlorophacinone and their application for assessing anticoagulant rodenticide risk to raptors. Ecotoxicology 24(4):720–734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1418-8
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ricking M, Winkler A, Schneider M (2012): Guidelines for sampling, transport, storage and chemical characterization of environmental and human samples, guideline for sampling and sample treatment suspended particulate matter; V 4.0.2. German Environmental Agency
Ruiz-Suarez N, Henriquez-Hernandez LA, Valeron PF, Boada LD, Zumbado M, Camacho M, Almeida-Gonzalez M, Luzardo OP (2014) Assessment of anticoagulant rodenticide exposure in six raptor species from the Canary Islands (Spain). Sci Total Environ 485-486:371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.094
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ruiz-Suarez N, Melero Y, Giela A, Henriquez-Hernandez LA, Sharp E, Boada LD, Taylor MJ, Camacho M, Lambin X, Luzardo OP, Hartley G (2016) Rate of exposure of a sentinel species, invasive American mink (Neovison vison) in Scotland, to anticoagulant rodenticides. Sci Total Environ 569-570:1013–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.109
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Schaff JE, Montgomery MA (2013) An HPLC-HR-MS-MS method for identification of anticoagulant rodenticides in blood. J Anal Toxicol 37(6):321–325. https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkt036
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Shore RF, Birks JD, Afsar A, Wienburg CL, Kitchener AC (2003) Spatial and temporal analysis of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide residues in polecats (Mustela putorius) from throughout their range in Britain, 1992-1999. Environ Pollut 122(2):183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00297-X
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Smith LL, Liang B, Booth MC, Filigenzi MS, Tkachenko A, Gaskill CL (2017) Development and validation of quantitative ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for anticoagulant rodenticides in liver. J Agric Food Chem 65(31):6682–6691. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02280
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Stansley W, Cummings M, Vudathala D, Murphy LA (2014) Anticoagulant rodenticides in red-tailed hawks, Buteo jamaicensis, and great horned owls, Bubo virginianus, from New Jersey, USA, 2008-2010. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 92(1):6–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1135-z
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Thomas PJ, Mineau P, Shore RF, Champoux L, Martin PA, Wilson LK, Fitzgerald G, Elliott JE (2011) Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in predatory birds: probabilistic characterisation of toxic liver concentrations and implications for predatory bird populations in Canada. Environ Int 37(5):914–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.010
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tosh DG, McDonald RA, Bearhop S, Lllewellyn NR, Fee S, Sharp EA, Barnett EA, Shore RF (2011) Does small mammal prey guild affect the exposure of predators to anticoagulant rodenticides? Environ Pollut 159(10):3106–3112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.028
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vandenbroucke V, Bousquet-Melou A, De Backer P, Croubels S (2008a) Pharmacokinetics of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in mice after single oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 31(5):437–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00979.x
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vandenbroucke V, Desmet N, De Backer P, Croubels S (2008b) Multi-residue analysis of eight anticoagulant rodenticides in animal plasma and liver using liquid chromatography combined with heated electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 869(1-2):101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.011
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Walker LA, Turk A, Long SM, Wienburg CL, Best J, Shore RF (2008) Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides in tawny owls (Strix aluco) from Great Britain. Sci Total Environ 392(1):93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.061
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhu L, Yan H, Shen B, Shi Y, Shen M, Xiang P (2013) Determination of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in human hair by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to poisoning cases. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 27(4):513–520. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.6477
Article
CAS
Google Scholar