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Aging of solidified/stabilized electrolytic manganese solid waste with accelerated carbonation and aging inhibition

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Abstract

High concentrations of soluble Mn in electrolytic manganese solid waste (EMSW) in soil cause the severe contamination in China. Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide-dominated stabilizers are suitable for the solidification/stabilization (s/s) of EMSW. However, the long-term performance of s/s using those two types of stabilizer is problematic. The aim of this study was to develop an accelerated aging method to simulate the long-term natural carbonation of solidified/stabilized EMSW. The joint use of accelerated carbonation, leaching test, mineralogical analysis, and microstructural observation was applied to assess the long-term performance of the s/s EMSW system. On an accelerated carbonation test for solidified/stabilized EMSW, an increase in Mn leaching from 13.6 to 408 mg/kg and a 1.5–2.3 decrease in pH was achieved by using CaO-dominated stabilizers, while an increase in manganese (Mn) from 30 to 266 mg/kg and a decrease in pH of 0.17–0.68 was seen using MgO-dominated stabilizers. CaO+Na3PO4 and CaO+CaCO3 were exceptions in that the leaching value of soluble Mn was lower after carbonation. Mineralogical analysis showed that rhodochrosite in the carbonated s/s system was generated not only from the reduction of hausmannite but also from the reversible reaction between Mn(OH)2 and MnCO3. Carbonation destroyed the tight particle structure resulting in a porous and loose structure. As for s/s EMSW treated by MgO-dominated stabilizers, carbonation affected the agglomerating structure and mineralogical composition by increasing magnesium (Mg) migration, thereby forming hydromagnesite that had weak binding ability and a nested porous shape. Therefore, carbonation by itself does not cause deterioration to s/s products of the soluble Mn but does have significant effects on the microstructure and mineralogical composition. It is recommended to add Na3PO4 or CaCO3 into a single CaO stabilized EMSW system to prevent aging of the system, allow formation of Mn phosphate precipitates, and improve the absorption and oxidation of soluble Mn(II).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs by the Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAF03B03), the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21506199), and fundamental research funds in central public welfare research in institutes of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Bing Du, Changbo Zhou & Zhiyuan Zhao

  2. Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineerings, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Bing Du, Zhigang Dan & Ning Duan

  3. Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Bing Du & Jianguo Liu

  4. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Xianjia Peng

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  1. Bing Du
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  2. Changbo Zhou
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  3. Zhigang Dan
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  4. Zhiyuan Zhao
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  5. Xianjia Peng
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  7. Ning Duan
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Correspondence to Changbo Zhou.

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Du, B., Zhou, C., Dan, Z. et al. Aging of solidified/stabilized electrolytic manganese solid waste with accelerated carbonation and aging inhibition. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 24195–24204 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7635-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7635-8

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