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Diversity of acidophilic prokaryotes at two acid mine drainage sites in Turkey

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Abstract

The biodiversity of acidophilic prokaryotes in two acidic (pH 2.8–3.05) mine drainage (AMD) sites (Balya and Çan) in Turkey was examined using a combined cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approach. The latter included analyzing microbial diversity using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), terminal restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (`T-RFLP), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Numbers of cultivatable heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria were over an order of magnitude greater than those of chemolithotrophic acidophiles in both AMD ponds examined. Isolates identified as strains of Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, Acidiphilium organovorum, and Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum were isolated from the Balya AMD pond, and others identified as strains of Leptospirillum ferriphilum, Acidicapsa ligni, and Acidiphilium rubrum from Çan AMD. Other isolates were too distantly related (from analysis of their 16S rRNA genes) to be identified at the species level. Archaeal diversity in the two ponds appeared to be far more limited. T-RFLP and qPCR confirmed the presence of Ferroplasma-like prokaryotes, but no archaea were isolated from the two sites. qPCR generated semiquantitative data for genera of some of the iron-oxidizing acidophiles isolated and/or detected, suggesting the order of abundance was Leptospirillum > Ferroplasma > Acidithiobacillus (Balya AMD) and Ferroplasma > Leptospirillum > Acidithiobacillus (Çan AMD).

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Acknowledgment

This study is based partly on the PhD thesis of P. Aytar. The study was supported by Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Projects Committee (Project No.: 201119018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Biosafety, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Pınar Aytar & Ahmet Çabuk

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Mehmet Burçin Mutlu

  3. College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK

    Catherine Melanie Kay & David Barrie Johnson

Authors
  1. Pınar Aytar
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  2. Catherine Melanie Kay
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  3. Mehmet Burçin Mutlu
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  4. Ahmet Çabuk
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  5. David Barrie Johnson
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Correspondence to Pınar Aytar.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Supplementary Fig. 1

FISH analysis of Balya and Çan AMD using different oligonucleotide probes (DOCX 2824 kb)

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Aytar, P., Kay, C.M., Mutlu, M.B. et al. Diversity of acidophilic prokaryotes at two acid mine drainage sites in Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 5995–6003 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3789-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3789-4

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