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Multimodality Hyperpolarized C-13 MRS/PET/Multiparametric MR Imaging for Detection and Image-Guided Biopsy of Prostate Cancer: First Experience in a Canine Prostate Cancer Model

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Abstract

Purpose

To assess whether simultaneous hyperpolarized C-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)/positron emission tomography (PET)/multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) imaging is feasible in an orthotopic canine prostate cancer (PCa) model using a clinical PET/MR system and whether the combined imaging datasets can be fused with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in real time for multimodal image fusion-guided targeted biopsy of PCa.

Procedures

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was obtained for this study. Canine prostate adenocarcinoma (Ace-1) cells were orthotopically injected into the prostate of four dogs. Once tumor engraftment was confirmed by TRUS, simultaneous hyperpolarized C-13 MRS of [1-13C]pyruvate, PET (2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), [68Ga]NODAGA-SCH1), and mpMR (T2W, DWI) imaging was performed using a clinical PET/MR system. Multimodality imaging data sets were then fused with TRUS and image-guided targeted biopsy was performed. Imaging results were then correlated with histological findings.

Results

Successful tumor engraftment was histologically confirmed in three of the four dogs (dogs 2, 3, and 4) and simultaneous C-13 MRS/PET/mpMR was feasible in all three. In dog 2, C-13 MRS showed increased lactate signal in the tumor (lactate/totalC = 0.47) whereas mpMR did not show any signal changes. In dog 3, [18F]FDG-PET (SUVmean = 1.90) and C-13 MRS (lactate/totalC = 0.59) showed elevated metabolic activity in the tumor. In dog 4, [18F]FDG (SUVmean = 2.43), [68Ga]NODAGA-SCH1 (SUVmean = 0.75), and C-13 MRS (Lac/totalC = 0.53) showed elevated uptake in tumor compared to control tissue and multimodal image fusion-guided biopsy of the tumor was successfully performed.

Conclusion

Simultaneous C-13 MRS/PET/mpMR imaging and multimodal image fusion-guided biopsy is feasible in a canine PCa model.

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Acknowledgments

The canine PCa cells (Ace-1) were obtained from Dr. Thomas Rosol, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University. We would like to thank Philips for providing the EPIQ7 ultrasound system, C10-4ec transducer, and PercuNav image fusion software. We thank Praveen Gulaka, Valentina Taviani, Dawn Holley, and Harsh Gandhi for their assistance with PET/MR acquisition and reconstruction; Jim Strommer for help with Fig. 1; Don Samaan from Health Physics; veterinary service center staff; and members of Willmann, Spielman, Cheng labs, and Frezghi Habte who helped with this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sunitha V. Bachawal, Jae Mo Park, Keerthi S. Valluru, Mathias Dyrberg Loft, Bruce Daniel, Andrei Iagaru, Geoffrey Sonn, Zhen Cheng, Daniel M. Spielman & Jürgen K. Willmann

  2. Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Jae Mo Park

  3. Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Stephen A. Felt, José G. Vilches-Moure & Yamil F. Saenz

  4. Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Geoffrey Sonn

  5. Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room H1307, Stanford, CA, 94305-5621, USA

    Jürgen K. Willmann

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  1. Sunitha V. Bachawal
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  2. Jae Mo Park
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  11. Zhen Cheng
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  13. Jürgen K. Willmann
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Correspondence to Jürgen K. Willmann.

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The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all procedures in this study.

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Bachawal, S.V., Park, J.M., Valluru, K.S. et al. Multimodality Hyperpolarized C-13 MRS/PET/Multiparametric MR Imaging for Detection and Image-Guided Biopsy of Prostate Cancer: First Experience in a Canine Prostate Cancer Model. Mol Imaging Biol 21, 861–870 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11307-018-1235-6

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