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Chemogeography of the red macroalgae Asparagopsis: metabolomics, bioactivity, and relation to invasiveness

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Abstract

Introduction

The Latitudinal Gradient Hypothesis (LGH) foresees that specialized metabolites are overexpressed under low latitudes, where organisms are subjected to higher herbivory pressure. The widespread macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis is composed of six distinct genetic lineages, some of them being introduced in many regions.

Objectives

To study (i) metabolic fingerprints of the macroalga and (ii) its bioactivity in space and time, both as proxies of its investment in defensive traits, in order to assess links between bioactivities and metabotypes with macroalgal invasiveness.

Methods

289 macroalgal individuals, from four tropical and three temperate regions, were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics and the standardized Microtox® assay.

Results

Metabotypes showed a low divergence between tropical and temperate populations, while bioactivities were higher in temperate populations. However, these phenotypes varied significantly in time, with a higher variability in tropical regions. Bioactivities were high and stable in temperate regions, whereas they were low and much variable in tropical regions. Although the introduced lineage two exhibited the highest bioactivities, this lineage could also present variable proliferation fates.

Conclusion

The metabolomic approach partly discriminates macroalgal populations from various geographic origins. The production of chemical defenses assessed by the bioactivity assay does not match the macroalgal genetic lineage and seems more driven by the environment. The higher content of chemical defenses in temperate versus tropical populations is not in accordance with the LGH and cannot be related to the invasiveness of the macroalgae.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMBE UMR 7263 CNRS / IRD / Aix Marseille Univ / Univ Avignon, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France

    Stéphane Greff, Olivier P. Thomas & Thierry Perez

  2. UMR Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, LabEx-CORAIL, University of French Polynesia, Faa’a, BP6570, 98702, Tahiti, French Polynesia

    Mayalen Zubia

  3. UMR ENTROPIE, LabEx-CORAIL, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, BPA5, 98848, Noumea, New Caledonia

    Claude Payri

  4. CNRS, OCA, IRD, Géoazur, Université Côte d’Azur, 250 rue Albert Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France

    Olivier P. Thomas

  5. School of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

    Olivier P. Thomas

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  1. Stéphane Greff
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Greff, S., Zubia, M., Payri, C. et al. Chemogeography of the red macroalgae Asparagopsis: metabolomics, bioactivity, and relation to invasiveness. Metabolomics 13, 33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-017-1169-z

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