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Paternity and ploidy segregation of progenies derived from tetraploid Malus xiaojinensis

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Abstract

Apomixis is usually subdivided into parthenogenesis, apogamy, and apospory on the basis of different mechanisms of development and cytogenetic effects. Although most plants and animals undergo sexual reproduction to multiply, it is important to understand the role of apomixis in plant reproduction because of its useful applications in the breeding and propagation of some crops. Tetraploid Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang is a typical facultative apomictic plant species. Paternity and ploidy analyses of M. xiaojinensis seedlings were performed with flow cytometry in conjunction with microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The proportion of apomictic derived progeny of M. xiaojinensis × Malus baccata was 54.05, 53.96, and 43.55 % from 2008 to 2010, respectively. The progeny of M. xiaojinensis × M. baccata comprised hybrids of 2x, 3x, 4x, or 5x ploidy, whereas apomictic offspring were 2x, 3x, or 4x. Among the apomictic derived progeny, the ploidy of restituted apomictic progeny was 2x, 3x, or 4x, whereas that of nonrestituted apomictic progeny was 4x only. The proportions of the different types of apomictic derived progeny differed among the years 2008 to 2010. The ploidy of progeny from emasculated flowers also segregated into 2x, 3x, and 4x individuals. These results indicate that both parthenogenesis and unreduced meiotic diplospory play important roles in apomictic reproduction in M. xiaojinensis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (no. NC2010BF0075), Non-Profit Industry Research and Special Program (no. 201203075), and National Apple's Industrial Technology System (no. CARS-28). Many thanks to Professor Guolu Liang and his colleagues at the Southwestern University of China, who provided valuable assistance with chromosome counting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic China

    Lei Wang, DeGuo Han, Chao Gao, Yi Wang, XinZhong Zhang, XueFeng Xu & ZhenHai Han

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  1. Lei Wang
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  2. DeGuo Han
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  3. Chao Gao
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  4. Yi Wang
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  5. XinZhong Zhang
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  6. XueFeng Xu
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  7. ZhenHai Han
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Correspondence to ZhenHai Han.

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Communicated by R. Velasco

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Fig. S1

Meiotic behavior of microsporocytes of M. xiaojinensis at the tetrad stage. a, b Normal tetrads; c monad; d, e dyads; f unequal dyad; g, h triads; i–l polyads. Arrows indicate micronuclei (PDF 5933 kb)

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Wang, L., Han, D., Gao, C. et al. Paternity and ploidy segregation of progenies derived from tetraploid Malus xiaojinensis . Tree Genetics & Genomes 8, 1469–1476 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0535-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0535-2

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