Abstract
Aspergillus is a well-studied fungal genus that is widely used in the processing of plant biomass in industries. This study investigated the effects of space exposure on the ability of Aspergillus costaricaensis, a filamentous fungus isolated from rotten orange peel, to degrade pectin. These fungal spores were carried into space by the Long March 5B carrier rocket and exposed to cosmic radiation for 79 h. After the flight, these spores were resuscitated, and then the growing strains were screened with pectin as the sole carbon source, and the pectinase activity was evaluated. A mutant with increased biomass accumulation ability and pectin-degrading activity compared to the ground control strain was obtained. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that several CAZymes genes were significantly upregulated in the mutant, especially those related to pectin degradation. Among the 44 pectinases identified from the annotated genome, 42 were up-regulated. The activities of these pectinases are able to synergistically break down the structure of pectin. In addition, the expression of some genes involved in metabolism, sugar transport, and stress response was altered. These results imply that space exposure might serve as a potential mutagenesis breeding technique, offering the opportunity to acquire biomass-degrading microbial strains with potential for industrial application.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Professor Yeqing Sun and Associate Professor Meng Zhang from Dalian Maritime University for providing the opportunity for this space exposure experiment. Thanks to the staff of Chinese next-generation crewed spacecraft for helping to complete the space exposure and recovery of the samples.
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Dalian Science and Technology Innovation Fund -Key&Major Subject (2020JJ25CY017); ANSO Collaborative Research Program (ANSO-CR-KP-2020-14); Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program Projects (2021ZDLNY05-03); Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2021YFSY0032); Dr. Heng Yin was supported by Outstanding Member Fund of CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (Y201939).
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Heng Yin conceptualized and acquired funding for the study. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Xiaohui Song, Tang Li. and Hui Gu. Xiaohui Song created the visualizations and validated the results. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Xiaohui Song and Tang Li. Heng Yin reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Song, X., Li, T., Gu, H. et al. Space exposure enhanced pectin-degrading enzymes expression and activity in Aspergillus costaricaensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 39, 295 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03740-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-023-03740-y