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Hesperidin inhibits biofilm formation, virulence and staphyloxanthin synthesis in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting SarA and CrtM: an in vitro and in silico approach

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Abstract

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considered multidrug resistant bacterium due to developing biofilm formation associated with antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of biofilm formation is an alternative therapeutic action to control MRSA infections. The present study revealed the non-antibacterial biofilm inhibitory potential of hesperidin against ATCC strain and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside commonly found in citrus fruit. Hesperidin has been shown to exhibits numerous pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of hesperidin against MRSA. Results showed that hesperidin treatment significantly impedes lipase, hemolysin, autolysin, autoaggregation and staphyloxanthin production. Reductions of staphyloxanthin production possibly increase the MRSA susceptibility rate to H2O2 oxidative stress condition. In gene expression study revealed that hesperidin treatment downregulated the biofilm-associated gene (sarA), polysaccharide intracellular adhesion gene (icaA and icaD), autolysin (altA), fibronectin-binding protein (fnbA and fnbB) and staphyloxanthin production (crtM). Molecular docking analysis predicted the ability of hesperidin to interact with SarA and CrtM proteins involved in biofilm formation and staphyloxanthin production in MRSA.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully thank Dr. G. Ashwinkumar Subramenium for support in discussing and fulfilling the work. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India

    Karuppiah Vijayakumar

  2. PAR Life Sciences and Research Private Limited, Woraiyur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620003, India

    Karuppiah Vijayakumar, Seralathan Muhilvannan & Mani Arun Vignesh

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  1. Karuppiah Vijayakumar
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  2. Seralathan Muhilvannan
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KV—Conceptualization of whole work, performed the experiments, data analysis and co-wrote the manuscript. SM, MAV—Performed the experiments, data analyzed, docking analysis and co-wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Karuppiah Vijayakumar.

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Vijayakumar, K., Muhilvannan, S. & Arun Vignesh, M. Hesperidin inhibits biofilm formation, virulence and staphyloxanthin synthesis in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting SarA and CrtM: an in vitro and in silico approach. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 44 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03232-5

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