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Towards an Efficient Purification Process of Nanostructured Materials: Investigation of Raw Tunisian Clay for Defluoridation of Natural Water

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Abstract

This research work aims to introduce a new method of purifying clays and to assess the effectiveness of the retention of fluorine adsorption in local Tunisian clay using adsorption through a filtration membrane. Detailed chemical analysis was been carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), liquid nitrogen adsorption desorption analyses by measuring the specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in order to compare the new elaborated purification approach to the classical method of preparation. The absence of the bands at 2510, 1796, 1426, and 712 cm−1 from the spectra of F3 and F5 as well as the absence of the endothermic peak up to 680 °C on the thermogram of OTNa(b), corroborated the departure of the calcite after purification. Oxide of aluminum, iron and magnesium increased respectively from (15.25, 5.72, and 2.52%) to (16.25, 6.26, and 2.78%) when compared to the classical method. Raw clay was used to treat fluoride in four types of drinking water. The adsorption kinetics confirmed the physisorption interaction between F− ions and OT clay. Adsorbent equilibrium data were successfully described by the pseudo-second model (R2 = 0.989, 0.993, 0.988, 0.9798, 0.998) revealing maximum adsorption capacities of 1.131 mg g−1, 0.768 mg g−1, 0.856 mg g−1, 0.988 mg g−1, and 2.079 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized solution offered easy and better adsorption with high efficiency (> 79%). This part of study sheds light on the effectiveness and feasibility of the raw carbonate clay in terms of the removal of fluoride ions from naturally contaminated water and synthesized aqueous solution.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks are extended to Professor Naceur Belgacem for his experimental help.

Funding

This work is financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Information and Communication Technologies Higher Education and Scientific Research sector of Tunisia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for the Application of Materials to the Environment, Water and Energy LAMEEE (LAM3E), Science Faculty of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, 2112, Gafsa, Tunisia

    Mohsen Mhamdi, Najah Mahjoubi & Elimame Elaloui

  2. Laboratory of Applications of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Tunisia

    Mohsen Mhamdi & Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi

  3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts Qilwah, Albaha University (BU), Al Bahah, Qilwah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohsen Mhamdi & Mohamed Azizi

  4. Lab. Desalination and Water Treatment Valorisation(LaDVEN), Water Research and Technologies Center (WRTC), BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia

    Mohamed Azizi

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Contributions

Mohsen Mhamdi and Najah Mahjoubi analyzed and interpreted the data and drafted the original manuscript. The draft was revised by Malika Ayadi as well as Elimame Elaloui. Mohsen Mhamdi was responsible for the guidance and verification of the manuscript. All authors read and approved of the final version of the manuscript.

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Mhamdi, M., Mahjoubi, N., Azizi, M. et al. Towards an Efficient Purification Process of Nanostructured Materials: Investigation of Raw Tunisian Clay for Defluoridation of Natural Water. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 234 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06182-2

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