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Biomarkers’ Responses in Neotropical Freshwater Fish Living in Southern Brazil: Agricultural Activity or Seasonal Interference?

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Abstract

Brazil has been leading the consumer market for pesticides, mainly due to greater flexibility in registration for agricultural use. The constant application of chemicals increases the likelihood of contaminating adjacent aquatic environments. Furthermore, fluctuations in abiotic variables, especially in subtropical countries, can enhance the effects of pesticides on the aquatic community. The aims of the current study are to investigate the incidence of pesticides in a river in southern Brazil and to evaluate the water quality and toxicity biomarkers on fish species Astyanax jacuhiensis (Cope, 1894), in different crop seasons. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected in the summer, autumn, and winter of 2019. The herbicides atrazine and clomazone and insecticide imidacloprid were identified in water throughout the sampling period—only atrazine has the maximum concentration established for surface water by Brazilian legislation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) mainly showed the effects of seasonality on biochemical responses such as pH and water temperature. Also, most A. jacuhiensis biomarkers alterations were associated with winter and autumn periods. Furthermore, it was possible to verify the relationship between non-enzymatic antioxidants (non-protein thiols) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). Therefore, the results of pesticides detected in water emphasize the need to update Brazilian legislation for compounds registered in the country. Changes in the physicochemical variables of water can influence the responses of biomarkers in addition to pesticides. Finally, biomonitoring studies are important and necessary mainly in subtropical regions where there is variation in climatic conditions between periods of the year.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. Vilmar Souza for his assistance in collecting the fish, the Kroth Thomé da Cruz family for their support, and the Leal family for their collaboration.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES) [Finance Code 001].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Tamiris Rosso Storck & Barbara Clasen

  2. Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Tamiris Rosso Storck, Aline Monique Blank do Amaral, Taisson Kroth Thomé da Cruz, Dionatan de Pellegrin, Jaíne Ames & Vania Lucia Loro

  3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Aline Monique Blank do Amaral, Felipe Osmari Cerezer & Vania Lucia Loro

  4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Taisson Kroth Thomé da Cruz, Jaíne Ames & Vania Lucia Loro

  5. Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Renato Zanella & Osmar Damian Prestes

  6. Laboratório de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90010-191, Brazil

    Barbara Clasen

Authors
  1. Tamiris Rosso Storck
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  2. Aline Monique Blank do Amaral
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  3. Taisson Kroth Thomé da Cruz
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  9. Vania Lucia Loro
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  10. Barbara Clasen
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Contributions

Tamiris Rosso Storck: Study design, experimental execution (fish, water and sediment collection), water quality and biochemical analyses, data analyses and interpretation, and manuscript writing. Aline Monique Blank do Amaral: experimental execution, biochemical analyses, revision and writing of the manuscript. Taisson Kroth Thomé da Cruz: experimental execution and biochemical analyses. Dionatan de Pellegrin: Water quality and biochemical analyses. Jaíne Ames: Biochemical analyses. Felipe Osmari Cerezer: Statistical analysis and interpretation, and manuscript writing. Renato Zanella and Osmar Damian Prestes: Pesticides determination in fish muscle, water and sediments samples. Vania Lucia Loro: Financial support and manuscript revision. Barbara Clasen: Study conceptualization, financial support, data analyses and interpretation, and manuscript revision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara Clasen.

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The study was approved by Chico Mendes Biodiversity Conservation Institute (ICMBio), under license number 66994–1.

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Storck, T.R., do Amaral, A.M.B., da Cruz, T.K.T. et al. Biomarkers’ Responses in Neotropical Freshwater Fish Living in Southern Brazil: Agricultural Activity or Seasonal Interference?. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 476 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05956-4

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