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Role of Surface Texture, Roughness, and Hardness on Friction During Unidirectional Sliding

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Abstract

In the present investigation, experiments were conducted by unidirectional sliding of pins made of FCC metals (Pb, Al, and Cu) with significantly different hardness values against the steel plates of various surface textures and roughness using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding apparatus in ambient conditions under both the dry and lubricated conditions. For a given material pair, it was observed that transfer layer formation and the coefficient of friction along with its two components, namely adhesion and plowing, are controlled by the surface texture of the harder mating surfaces and are less dependent of surface roughness (R a) of the harder mating surfaces. The effect of surface texture on the friction was attributed to the variation of the plowing component of friction for different surfaces. It was also observed that the variation of plowing friction as a function of hardness depends on surface textures. More specifically, the plowing friction varies with hardness of the soft materials for a given type of surface texture and it is independent of hardness of soft materials for other type of surface texture. These variations could be attributed to the extent of plane strain conditions taking place at the asperity level during sliding. It was also observed that among the surface roughness parameters, the mean slope of the profile, Δ a, correlated best with the friction. Furthermore, dimensionless quantifiable roughness parameters were formulated to describe the degree of plowing taking place at the asperity level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 012, India

    Pradeep L. Menezes &  Kishore

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 012, India

    Satish V. Kailas

  3. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA

    Pradeep L. Menezes & Michael R. Lovell

Authors
  1. Pradeep L. Menezes
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  2. Kishore
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  3. Satish V. Kailas
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  4. Michael R. Lovell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pradeep L. Menezes.

Appendix A

Appendix A

Peak count, P c, is the number of peaks per unit length measured at a specific peak count level. A peak defined for P c is a profile irregularity wherein the profile intersects consecutively a lower and an upper boundary line. The boundary lines are located parallel to and equidistant from the profile mean line and are set by the operator by each application. An important point to remember is that for P c, a peak extending above the selected band is not counted unless it is first triggered by a valley extending below the band’s lower limit as shown in the Fig. 19.

Fig. 19
figure 19

Calculating the peak count (P c) parameter within a selected band [16]

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Pc is expressed in peaks per centimeter or peaks per inch and is calculated as follows:

$$ P_{\text{c}} = \frac{N}{l} $$

where N = the number of peak counts, l = the sample length.

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Menezes, P.L., Kishore, Kailas, S.V. et al. Role of Surface Texture, Roughness, and Hardness on Friction During Unidirectional Sliding. Tribol Lett 41, 1–15 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9676-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9676-3

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