Abstract
In vitro plant regeneration is a powerful tool for the propagation and conservation of valuable plant species. Among the diverse range of techniques available, the induction of somatic embryos from immature zygotic embryos has proven to be an effective approach. In the present study, efficient induction methods and a suitable medium for in vitro plant regeneration from callus induced from immature zygotic embryos of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. ‘Zili’ have been successfully established. Callus induction and maintenance were achieved on MS basal medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L biotin under dark conditions. Somatic embryos were induced on the MS basal medium containing 30 g/L sucrose, 1 mg/L biotin, 1 g/L activated charcoal, and 8 g/L agar. The most effective culture method involved inducing somatic embryos for 10 d under darkness, followed by maturation and regeneration under a 16-hour photoperiod provided by cool white fluorescent lights (80 µmol·m-2 s-1). The average plant regeneration rate of ‘Zili’ reached 26.0%, with the fastest regeneration occurring 83 d after inoculation. Somatic embryos exhibited five distinct morphological types: dicotyledonous embryo, conjoined embryo, flake embryo, irregular swollen embryo, and others. The regeneration rates of different morphological somatic embryos varied. Among them, conjoined embryos showed the highest regeneration rate, reaching 42.6%. Dicotyledonous embryos followed closely at 30.2%, while the rate of flake embryos was the lowest, at 15.4%. These findings provide crucial insights for successful in vitro regeneration of litchi and shed light on the morphological variations that influence regeneration efficiency.
Key Message
Plant regeneration of 'Zili' litchi via indirect somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos.
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The data and materials generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Abbreviations
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- AC:
-
activated charcoal
- LH:
-
lactoalbumin hydrolysate
- CW:
-
coconut water
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IBA:
-
indole-3-butyric acid
- IAA:
-
indole-3-acetic acid
- KT:
-
kinetin
- GA3 :
-
gibberellic acid
- NAA:
-
1-naphthylacetic acid
- BA:
-
6-benzyladenine
- BAP:
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- PVP:
-
polyvidone
- EDTA:
-
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- PPFD:
-
photosynthetic photon flux
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Acknowledgements
Authors thank Mr. He Wang for performing explant disinfection and callus induction. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32172528, 32272663), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (No. 202103000057, 2023B01J2002), and China Litchi and Longan Industry Technology Research System (No. CARS-32-05).
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Jietang Zhao conceived this study. Miaoqin Huang, Wuyan Guo, Xiuyu Wu, and Yaqi Qin conducted the experiments. Miaoqin Huang wrote the manuscript. Irfan Ali Sabir, Zhike Zhang, Yonghua Qin, Guibing Hu, and Jietang Zhao reviewed the manuscript.
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Huang, M., Guo, W., Wu, X. et al. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. ‘Zili’ from immature zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 156, 39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02660-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02660-x