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The influence of phenylalanine feeding on cell growth, antioxidant activity, phenylpropanoids content, and yield in cell suspension culture of Rhodiola imbricata (Edgew.)

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Abstract

Precursor feeding is a well-known strategy to enhance the commercial production of bioactive compounds in plant cell culture systems. For the first time, an effective in vitro platform was established for the enhanced production of phenylpropanoids with a precursor feeding approach in the cell suspension culture derived from friable leaf callus of Rhodiola imbricata. Precursor, phenylalanine feeding of 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM concentrations were added to the cell suspension of R. imbricata and further, it was evaluated for the cell growth and production of phenylpropanoids (rosavin, rosarin, and p-coumaric acid). The suspension culture showed maximum cell growth (FW; 117 g/L, DW; 5.73 g/L) on day 15 of the incubation period in precursor untreated cells. Furthermore, cell suspension cultures treated with 1 mM phenylalanine accumulated the maximum biomass (FW; 136 g/L, DW; 6.70 g/L) on day 15. The enhanced rosavin (1.57 mg/g DW) and rosarin (0.78 mg/g DW) content were achieved on day 12 in 1 mM precursor concentration. Similarly, p-coumaric acid was detected maximum (2.50 mg/g DW) on day 12 in 3 mM precursor-treated suspension cultures of R. imbricata. The total phenolic content was improved significantly (43.72 mg/g DW) on day 12 in 2 mM phenylalanine treatment. Whereas, total flavonoid content was observed maximum (24.50 mg/g DW) on day 12 with 2 mM precursor concentration. The present work concluded that the precursor-mediated approach enhanced the overall phenylpropanoids production in the cell suspension culture of R. imbricata.

Key message

The present investigation demonstrates the effect of phenylalanine precursor feeding; 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM on cell growth, physiological characteristics, antioxidant activity, and metabolite yield for the first time in cell suspension culture derived from friable leaf callus of Rhodiola imbricata.

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Abbreviations

FW:

Fresh weight

DW:

Dry weight

mM:

Mili mole

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl

TPC:

Total phenolics content

TFC:

Total flavonoids content

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

NAA:

α-Naphthalene acetic acid

RPM:

Rotation per minutes

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

QUE:

Quercetin equivalent

EC:

Electrical conductivity

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

PDA:

Photodiode array

PCA:

Principal component analysis

MDS:

Multidimensional scaling

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Acknowledgements

SR acknowledges UGC, New Delhi for providing a research fellowship and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India for Ph. D. enrolment. The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-IHBT, for providing the necessary facilities.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, under the project “Biotechnological interventions for sustainable bio-economy generation through characterization, conservation, prospection and utilization of Himalayan bioresources” (MLP-0201) and National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Government of India, under the project “Development of Probiotics for Plant Tissue Culture Boosting the performance of micro propagated plant materials by supplementing plant-associated useful endophytes” (GAP-0274) for providing financial support. CSIR-IHBT publication no. is 5068.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Shiv Rattan & Ashish R. Warghat

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Shiv Rattan, Dinesh Kumar & Ashish R. Warghat

  3. Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India

    Dinesh Kumar

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  1. Shiv Rattan
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Contributions

Conceptualization: SR and ARW; Methodology: SR and ARW; Data analysis and investigation: SR, DK, and ARW; Original manuscript preparation, review, and editing: SR and ARW.

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Correspondence to Ashish R. Warghat.

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Research article followed the ethical standard of the institute.

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Communicated by Konstantin V. Kiselev.

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Rattan, S., Kumar, D. & Warghat, A.R. The influence of phenylalanine feeding on cell growth, antioxidant activity, phenylpropanoids content, and yield in cell suspension culture of Rhodiola imbricata (Edgew.). Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 151, 347–359 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02356-8

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