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Trans-Himalayan Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. root: a novel source of dietary amino acids, fatty acids and minerals

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Abstract

Roots of Rhodiola imbricata Edgew from Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert known for their nutritional and medicinal attributes were evaluated for the dietary amino acids, fatty acids and mineral composition. Nine essential and twelve non-essential amino acids were quantified. The contents ranged between 91.33 and 1640.67 µg/g. Histidine (1434.33 µg/g), lysine (1329.33 µg/g) and threonine (1015.67 μg/g) were dominant essential amino acids, while glycine (1640.67 µg/g), proline (1263.67 µg/g), alanine (1142.33 µg/g), cystine HCL (1136.33 μg/g) and nor leucine (1038.67 μg/g) were major non essential amino acids. The total lipid was found to be rich source of saturated fatty acids such as capric acid (19.91%), caproic acid (10.87%), palmitic acid (9.42%), lignoceric acid (6.16%) and behenic acid (5.71%), which together constituted 52% of the lipid content. Linoleic acid (15.06%), oleic acid (12.38%), arachidonic acid (8.38%), linolelaidic acid (6.11%) and docosadienoic acid (5.99%) were prominent unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were 35.64% and 12.33% of the lipid content respectively. Calcium (11034.17 mg/kg), potassium (2143.25 mg/kg), iron (1441.17 mg/kg), magnesium (581.99 mg/kg), phosphorous (376.72 mg/kg) and sodium (109.75 mg/kg) were detected as the major dietary minerals.

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Acknowledgements

We express our sincere thankfulness to Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for supporting the study. The authors are also grateful to Debasmita Ghosh Dhar, Maharaja Manindra Chandra College, Kolkata for her important contribution in copyediting and proofreading of the manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India

      Amol B. Tayade, Priyanka Dhar, Jatinder Kumar, Om P. Chaurasia & Ravi B. Srivastava

    2. Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, India

      Manu Sharma

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    1. Amol B. Tayade
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    Correspondence to Om P. Chaurasia.

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    Amol B. Tayade and Priyanka Dhar have contributed equally to this work.

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    13197_2016_2469_MOESM1_ESM.tif

    Supplementary material 1. GC-FID chromatogram of a. 37 FAMEs standards, b. FAMEs of R. imbricata root. 1: Butyric acid methyl ester (C4:0); 2: Caproic acid methyl ester (C6:0); 3: Caprylic acid methyl ester (C8:0); 4: Capric acid methyl ester (C10:0); 5: Undecanoic acid methyl ester (C11:0); 6: Lauric acid methyl ester (C12:0); 7: Tridecanoic acid methyl ester (C13:0); 8: Myristic acid methyl ester (C14:0); 9: Myristoleic acid methyl ester (C14:1); 10: Pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (C15:0); 11: cis-10-Pentadecenoic acid methyl ester (C15:1); 12: Palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0); 13: Palmitoleic acid methyl ester (C16:1); 14: Heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17:0); 15: cis-10-Heptadecenoic acid methyl ester (C17:1); 16: Stearic acid methyl ester (C18:0); 17: Elaidic acid methyl ester (C18:1n9t); 18: Oleic acid methyl ester (C18:1n9c); 19: Linolelaidic acid methyl ester (C18:2n6t); 20: Linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2n6c); 21: Arachidic acid methyl ester (C20:0); 22: cis-11-Eicosenoic acid methyl ester (C20:1); 23: α-Linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3n3); 24: Heneicosanoic acid methyl ester (C21:0); 25: cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid methyl ester (C20:2); 26: Behenic acid methyl ester (C22:0); 27: cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester (C20:3n6); 28: Erucic acid methyl ester (C22:1n9); 29: cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester (C20:3n3); 30: Arachidonic acid methyl ester (C20:4n6); 31: Tricosanoic acid methyl ester (C23:0); 32: cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid methyl ester (C22:2); 33: Lignoceric acid methyl ester (C24:0); 34: Nervonic acid methyl ester (C24:1); 35: cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester (C22:6n3); 36: γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3n6); 37: cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester (C20:5n3) (TIFF 9802 kb)

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    Tayade, A.B., Dhar, P., Kumar, J. et al. Trans-Himalayan Rhodiola imbricata Edgew. root: a novel source of dietary amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. J Food Sci Technol 54, 359–367 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2469-4

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