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Crosstalk between grapevine leafroll-associate virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and NaCl-induced salt stress in in vitro cultures of the red grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’

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Abstract

Viral diseases (biotic stress) and salt stress (abiotic stress) are the two major stress factors limiting the sustainable development of the grape industry. These two stresses often occur simultaneously in many grape-growing regions. The present study investigated crosstalk between grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and NaCl-induced salt stress in in vitro plantlets of the red-fruited grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Results showed that although the healthy plantlets had greater vegetative growth than the virus-infected plantlets when grown without salt stress, the latter produced better vegetative growth than the former when cultured under salt stress, indicating that the virus-infected plantlets were more tolerant to NaCl-induced salt stress than the healthy ones. Analyses of physiological metabolites found that contents of total soluble sugar and free proline were generally much higher in the latter than in the former under salt stress. The virus-infected plantlets responded to salt stress by significantly increasing activities of SOD, POD and CAT, compared with the healthy ones. Salt stress induced much higher levels of ABA in the virus-infected plantlets than the healthy ones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting virus infection improves plant tolerance to salt stress. The results reported here provide new insights into better understanding of improvement of plant salt tolerance by virus infection.

Key message

The red-fruited grape 'Cabernet Sauvignon' infected with grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 improved salt tolerance of the infected in vitro plantlets. In vitro culture system provided an alternative strategy for studying crosstalk between plants and combined stresses by abiotic and biotic factors.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

POD:

Peroxidase

FW:

Fresh weight

ABA:

Abscisic acid

BM:

Basal medium

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

DAB:

3, 3’-diaminobenzidine

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PVPP:

Polyvinylpolypyrolidone

GLD:

Grapevine leafroll disease

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

GLRaV-3:

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1000300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31972374) and Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Program (2018ZDXMNY 053 − 1).

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  1. Xinyi Hao, Bolei Jiao have contributed equally to the present study.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Xinyi Hao, Bolei Jiao, Zhiming Liu, Xiaowei Wang, Jingyi Wang, Qiaochun Wang, Yan Xu & Q-C. Wang

  2. China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Zhongguancun Innovator Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China

    Junxiang Zhang

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  1. Xinyi Hao
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Hao, X., Jiao, B., Liu, Z. et al. Crosstalk between grapevine leafroll-associate virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and NaCl-induced salt stress in in vitro cultures of the red grape ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 144, 649–660 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01987-z

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