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Physiological and biochemical effects of a tetrahydropyranyl-substituted meta-topolin in micropropagated Merwilla plumbea

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Abstract

In comparison to the most active cytokinins (CKs) previously reported for the micropropagation of Merwilla plumbea, we examined the effect of meta-topolin tetrahydropyran-2-yl (mTTHP—a novel aromatic CK derivative) on in vitro adventitious shoot production, rooting and photosynthetic pigment content of regenerated plants. Its carry-over effect on ex vitro growth, photosynthetic performance and antioxidant enzyme system of this bulbous medicinal plant was also investigated. The treatments with mTTHP and meta-topolin riboside (mTR) gave the highest number of adventitious shoots when compared to thidiazuron (TDZ) application and the control. The highest rooting frequency was observed in mTTHP treatments. Unlike in mTTHP treatments, an increase in mTR or TDZ concentration beyond 0.5 µM resulted in a significant decrease in the concentrations of all the photosynthetic pigments quantified. After 6 months of ex vitro growth, regenerated plants from 0.5 µM mTTHP treatment had the highest significant total leaf area, total leaf fresh weight and bulb size compared to all mTR and TDZ-treated plants. Plants regenerated from mTTHP or mTR treatments demonstrated a high capacity for energy dissipation in comparison to TDZ-regenerated plants with low photochemical quenching, PSII quantum efficiency and non-photochemical quenching. Despite a significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde concentration was significantly high in the leaves of TDZ-regenerated plants compared to other CK treatments. This finding indicated a high production of reactive oxygen species beyond the scavenging efficiency of the antioxidant enzymes leading to oxidative stress and subsequent low biomass accumulation in TDZ-derived plants.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

CKs:

Cytokinins

ETR:

Relative electron transport rate

Fv/Fm:

Maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MemTTHP:

meta-Methoxytopolin 9-tetrahydropyran-2-yl or 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino-9-tetrahydropyran-2ylpurine

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

mTR:

meta-Topolin riboside

mTTHP:

meta-Topolin tetrahydropyran-2-yl or 6-(3-hydroxylbenzylamino)-9-tetrahydropyran-2-ylpurine

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

POD:

Peroxidase

PPF:

Photosynthetic photon flux

PSII:

Photosystem II

PTC:

Plant tissue culture

qP:

Photochemical quenching

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

THP:

Tetrahydropyranyl

ΦPSII :

Actual quantum yield of PSII

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Acknowledgments

The Claude Leon Foundation and University of KwaZulu-Natal provided financial support. This work was also supported by the Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University (Olomouc), Czech Republic (Grant No. ED0007/01/01), the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic (Grant L01204 from the National Program of Sustainability) as well as by IGA of Palacký University (Grant IGA_PrF_2014006). We thank Prof. R.P. Beckett (School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal) for his support relating to the use of chlorophyll fluorometer. Mrs Alison Young and her staff (Botanical Garden, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg) are gratefully acknowledged for the maintenance of the greenhouse facilities.

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  1. Stephen O. Amoo

    Present address: Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa

    Stephen O. Amoo, Adeyemi O. Aremu, Mack Moyo, Taofik O. Sunmonu & Johannes Van Staden

  2. Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic

    Lucie Plíhalová & Karel Doležal

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Correspondence to Johannes Van Staden.

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Amoo, S.O., Aremu, A.O., Moyo, M. et al. Physiological and biochemical effects of a tetrahydropyranyl-substituted meta-topolin in micropropagated Merwilla plumbea . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 121, 579–590 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0728-0

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