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Low temperature treatments of rice (Oryza sativa L.) anthers changes polysaccharide and protein composition of the anther walls and increases pollen fertility and callus induction

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Abstract

To understand the relationship between pollen fertility and callus induction from anthers of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during low-temperature treatment (LTT), F1 progeny of the cross ‘Nanjing 46’ × ‘Zaxima’ was used as materials. The pollen fertility, callus induction from anther and the histochemical and ultrastructural study of developing anthers from the rice plants with LTT was investigated. With LTT for 1–6 days before anther inoculation with callus induction medium, pollen fertility was maintained at 4 %. A moderate duration of LTT for 1–5 days and addition of exogenous plant growth regulators, 2,4-D from 1–2 mg L−1, or 0.3 mg L−1 KT, enhanced callus induction from anthers. A moderate duration of LTT altered the insoluble polysaccharide content in the anther wall. Compared with the untreated control at 25 °C, the insoluble polysaccharide content dramatically decreased in the anther wall within the first 2 days of LTT, and thereafter increased and peaked on the fifth day of LTT. On the fifth day of LTT, the protein content in the anther wall declined. No change in lipid content was observed during LTT. Electron microscopy showed that for the first 5 days of LTT, the integrity of the four-layer anther wall structure was maintained, and large numbers of cell organelles such as Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were observed in the developing pollen grains. Plentiful amount of amyloplasts were also observed on the fourth day of LTT. At 7 days of LTT, the anther wall had been degraded to a single epidermal layer and the internal layers had disappeared. Thus, LTT for up to 5 days before anther inoculation in the IM medium may delay degradation of the innermost layer of the anther wall, the tapetum by altering the insoluble polysaccharide and protein contents in the anther wall.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

FAA:

Alcohol: formaldehyde: acetic acid

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

iP:

Isopentenyladenine

KT:

Kinetin

LTT:

Low-temperature treatment

NAA:

1-Naphthaleneacetic acid

PAS:

Periodic acid-Schiff

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30871459 and 31371554), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu in China [(CX(14)5004)] and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK21378). The authors thank the anonymous reviewers and editorial staff for their time and attention.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing, 210014, People’s Republic of China

    Q. Q. Tian, X. Li & X. W. Fang

  2. College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China

    Q. Q. Tian & C. M. Lu

  3. Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, People’s Republic of China

    X. Li

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  1. Q. Q. Tian
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  2. C. M. Lu
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Correspondence to X. Li.

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Q. Q. Tian and C. M. Lu have contributed to this work equally.

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Tian, Q.Q., Lu, C.M., Li, X. et al. Low temperature treatments of rice (Oryza sativa L.) anthers changes polysaccharide and protein composition of the anther walls and increases pollen fertility and callus induction. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 120, 89–98 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0582-5

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