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In vitro culture: an epigenetic challenge for plants

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Abstract

In vitro plant cell and tissue culture techniques are the basis of many micropropagation and breeding programs for scientific research. Plant tissue culture (PTC) involves organogenesis and embryogenesis, and the outcome depends on the different conditions to which the tissue is exposed. PTC is a stressful environment—high relative humidity, low ventilation rate, high concentrations of plant growth regulators, and low light availability—for plants that need to rapidly change their molecular regulation in order to respond fast and efficiently during cell division and growth. For instance, somatic embryogenesis (SE), which plays an important role in plant multiplication, requires complex cellular, biochemical and molecular processes for embryo formation and development. New data has come out about a connection between plant morphogenesis and epigenetics. Epigenetics is a very sensitive regulatory mechanism, which in most of cases is affected by the environment. Although it is known that, under plant morphogenesis, the genome has little or no change, DNA methylation and histone modifications are very susceptible to those in vitro environmental conditions. In the present review, we highlight the most used in vitro systems such as organogenesis and SE in plants and discuss how epigenetics plays a pivotal role in the phenotype outcome. Furthermore, we discuss the big role that the small RNAs have during cell division and propagation and propose different challenges and opportunities to study epigenetics in plant cell tissue and organ cultures.

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Abbreviations

ABP1:

Auxin binding protein1

ARF:

Auxin response factors

DCL1:

Dicer-like1

IAA:

Indolacetic acid

ISSR:

Inter-simple sequence repeat

MSAP:

Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism

MET1:

Methyltransferase 1

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

miRNAs:

micro RNAs

sRNAs:

Small non-coding RNAs

TE:

Transposable elements

TSA:

Trichostatin A

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by CONSEJO NACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA (CONACYT), scholarships 242997 to RUC, 242979 to GRS and 255368 to FDA; and Grant CB2012-178149 to CD.

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  1. Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Rosa Us-Camas, Gustavo Rivera-Solís, Fátima Duarte-Aké & Clelia De-la-Peña

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  1. Rosa Us-Camas
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  2. Gustavo Rivera-Solís
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  3. Fátima Duarte-Aké
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  4. Clelia De-la-Peña
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Correspondence to Clelia De-la-Peña.

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Us-Camas, R., Rivera-Solís, G., Duarte-Aké, F. et al. In vitro culture: an epigenetic challenge for plants. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 118, 187–201 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0482-8

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