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Morphological and cytological diversity of regenerants derived from half-anther cultures of anthurium

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Abstract

Anthurium anther culture was successfully established using half-anthers as explants. Explants were cultured on Winarto–Teixeira basal medium (WT-1) containing 0.01 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ), and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), or on New Winarto–Teixeira basal medium (NWT-3) supplemented with 0.02 mg/l NAA, 1.5 mg/l TDZ, and 0.75 mg/l BAP for callus initiation. Regenerated calli produced multiple shoots on WT-1, which were then rooted in NWT-3 supplemented with 1% activated charcoal. Plantlets were acclimatized ex vitro using a mixture of burned rice husk, rice husk, and bamboo peat (1:1:1, v/v/v) as the potting medium. There was considerable morphological and cytological diversity of regenerants derived from anther culture, which are described in detail in this study. The callus cluster color ranged from green to light green and had a high regeneration capacity (7.3 and 4.8 shoots/callus cluster), light reddish-yellow callus showed moderate regeneration (2.6 shoots/callus cluster), while reddish-yellow callus had the lowest regeneration capacity (1.5 shoots/callus cluster). Morphological variations clearly observed in regenerants derived from this technique included alterations in plant size, peduncle length, spathe position compared to leaves, the type and number of buds, spathe and spadix color, and spadix length. There were also cytological variations in both in vitro and ex vitro regenerants of anther culture with 23–29% haploids, 5–10% aneuploids, 56–69% diploids, and 3–4% triploids. The results strengthen other studies in which the development of anther cultures, especially via callus formation, resulted in morphological and cytological alterations. These variations have been discussed to great length in this paper.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI) and the Indonesian Agency for Agriculture Research and Development Agency (IAARD) for facilitating and funding the research activity. We also thank Euis Rohayati, Supenti, Nina Marlina, and Dedi Rusnandi for their help in preparing the research facilities and plant maintenance.

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  1. Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute, Jl. Raya Ciherang, Pacet-Cianjur, 43253, West Java, Indonesia

    Budi Winarto, Fitri Rachmawati & Dewi Pramanik

  2. Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan

    Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva

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  1. Budi Winarto
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  2. Fitri Rachmawati
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  4. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
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Correspondence to Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva.

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Winarto, B., Rachmawati, F., Pramanik, D. et al. Morphological and cytological diversity of regenerants derived from half-anther cultures of anthurium. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 105, 363–374 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9876-4

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