Abstract
We present evidence that \(>25~\mbox{MeV}\) solar proton events show a clustering in time at intervals of about six months that persisted during the rising and peak phases of Solar Cycle 24. This phenomenon is most clearly demonstrated by considering events originating in the northern or southern solar hemispheres separately. We examine how these variations in the solar energetic particle (SEP) event rate are related to other phenomena, such as hemispheric sunspot numbers and areas, rates of coronal mass ejections, and the mean solar magnetic field. Most obviously, the SEP event rate closely follows the sunspot number and area in the same hemisphere. The variations of about six months are associated with features in many of the other parameters we examine, indicating that they are just one signature of the episodic development of Cycle 24. They may be related to periodicities of about 150 days reported in various solar and interplanetary phenomena during previous solar cycles. The clear presence of periodicities of about six months in Cycle 24 that evolve independently in each hemisphere contradicts a scenario suggested by McIntosh et al. (Nature Com. 6, 6491, 2015) for the variational timescales of solar magnetism.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the many researchers who have compiled the various data sets used in this article. The STEREO High Energy Telescope data are available at http://www.srl.caltech.edu/STEREO/Public/HET_public.html . The ERNE data are from the Space Research Laboratory at the University of Turku ( http://www.srl.utu.fi/erne_data/ ). This work was supported by the NASA Living With a Star science program as part of the activities of the Focused Science Team “Physics-based methods to predict connectivity of SEP sources to points in the inner heliosphere, tested by location, timing, and longitudinal separation of SEPs”.
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Richardson, I.G., von Rosenvinge, T.T. & Cane, H.V. North/South Hemispheric Periodicities in the \({>}\,25\mbox{ MeV}\) Solar Proton Event Rate During the Rising and Peak Phases of Solar Cycle 24. Sol Phys 291, 2117–2134 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-016-0948-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-016-0948-4