Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Корпус предложений для изучающих русский язык как иностранный: влияние универсальных параметров на лексический доступ на неродном языке

The Sentence Corpus for L2 Learners of Russian: Universal Effects on Lexical Access in a Non-native Language

  • Published:
Russian Linguistics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Аннотация

На лексический доступ при чтении на родном языке влияют как лингвоспецифические (морфология, орфография), так и универсальные (контекстная предсказуемость, частотность, длина слова) факторы. Однако работы о влиянии универсальных факторов на чтение на неродном языке немногочисленны и в большинстве основаны на материалах английского языка. Цель данного исследования – изучить влияние универсальных факторов длины, частотности и контекстной предсказуемости на лексический доступ при чтении предложений на русском языке носителями китайского языка, изучающими русский как иностранный. Для этого нами был разработан специальный корпус предложений, размещенный в открытом доступе. Корпус содержит 90 предложений с лингвистической разметкой для каждого слова и может быть использован как для психолингвистических исследований, так и для прикладных задач, связанных с преподаванием русского языка как иностранного. В ходе психолингвистического исследования с применением методики чтения с саморегулировкой скорости на материале данного корпуса было продемонстрировано, что универсальные эффекты длины, частотности и контекстной предсказуемости оказывают влияние на скорость лексического доступа как у носителей русского языка, так и у изучающих его как иностранный, однако у последних все перечисленные эффекты выражены сильнее.

Abstract

Lexical access while reading is affected by language-specific (morphology, spelling) and universal (predictability, frequency, word length) factors. The question of what influences the reading process in L2 reading remains open. Most studies are carried out with reference to English, which means that our understanding of lexical access in L2 is limited to some extent due to the variety of the languages. Investigating non-native reading in different language pairs can shed some light on the universal and language-specific principles of lexical access. We present an open-source corpus adapted for non-native readers which is available for future research on Russian as L2. It contains 90 sentences with the full description of linguistic parameters for each word. The effects of length, frequency, and predictability were examined in a self-paced reading task experiment. The results of our study show the effects of length, frequency and predictability for native and non-native speakers of the Russian language, while the size of the effect is larger for non-native speakers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Data Availability

The Corpus materials are available by the link: https://osf.io/2kdu3/?view_only=3a488dc691b74a9b97e9ea0c61c063fd.

Notes

  1. С частотностью связаны такие параметры, как субъективно оцениваемая степень знакомства со словом или возраст усвоения слова (Rayner et al., 2006).

  2. https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages/table-1-cefr-3.3-common-reference-levels-global-scale.

Литература

  • Государственный образовательный стандарт по русскому языку как иностранному. Первый уровень. Общее владение / Андрюшина Н.П. и др. М., СПб.: Златоуст, 1999. 36 с.

  • Государственный образовательный стандарт по русскому языку как иностранному. Второй уровень. Общее владение / Иванова Т.А. и др. М., СПб.: Златоуст, 1999. 40 с.

  • Корнеев, А. А., Матвеева, Е. Ю., & Ахутина, Т. В. (2018). Что мы можем сказать о формировании чтения на основе анализа движения глаз? Физиология человека, 44(2), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.7868/s013116461802011x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Лексический минимум по русскому языку как иностранному. Элементарный уровень. Общее владение / Н.П. Андрюшина, Т.В. Козлова (электронное издание). 5е изд. СПб.: Златоуст, 2015a. 80 с.

  • Лексический минимум по русскому языку как иностранному. Базовый уровень. Общее владение / Н.П. Андрюшина, Т.В. Козлова (электронное издание). 5е изд. СПб.: Златоуст, 2015b. 116 с.

  • Лексический минимум по русскому языку как иностранному. Первый сертификационный уровень. Общее владение / Н.П. Андрюшина и др. (электронное издание). 7е изд. СПб.: Златоуст, 2015c. 200 с.

  • Лексический минимум по русскому языку как иностранному. Второй сертификационный уровень. Общее владение / под ред. Н.П. Андрюшиной (электронное издание). 5-е изд. СПб.: Златоуст, 2015d. 164 с.

  • Лексический минимум по русскому языку как иностранному. Третий сертификационный уровень. Общее владение / под ред. Н.П. Андрюшиной. 2-е изд. СПб.: Златоуст, 2019. 200 с.

  • Машанло, Т. Е. (2018). Влияние уровня владения изучаемым языком на показатели процесса чтения иностранных текстов русско-китайскими и китайско-русскими билингвами. Вестник Томского государственного университета, 433, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/433/3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Московкин, Л. В. (2016). Русский язык как родной, неродной и иностранный: история становления и современное употребление терминов.

  • Типовой тест по русскому языку как иностранному. Первый сертификационный уровень. Общее владение. / Андрюшина Н.П. и др.2-е изд., испр. М., СПб.: Златоуст, 2002. 88 c.

  • Типовые тесты по русскому языку как иностранному. Второй сертификационный уровень. Общее владение / Аверьянова Г.Н. и др. СПб.: Златоуст, 1999. 112 c.

  • Aaronson, D., & Scarborough, H. S. (1976). Performance theories for sentence coding: Some quantitative evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and performance, 2(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.2.1.56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acha, J., & Carreiras, M. (2014). Exploring the mental lexicon: a methodological approach to understanding how printed words are represented in our minds. The Mental Lexicon, 9(2), 196–231. https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.2.03ach.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexeeva, S., Slioussar, N., & Chernova, D. (2018). StimulStat: A lexical database for Russian. Behavior Research Methods, 50, 2305–2315. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0994-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, P. A., McNeal, M., & Kvak, D. (1992). Perhaps the lexicon is coded as a function of word frequency. Journal of Memory and Language, 31(6), 826–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(92)90041-U.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altarriba, J., Kroll, J. F., Sholl, A., & Rayner, K. (1996). The influence of lexical and conceptual constraints on reading mixed-language sentences: Evidence from eye fixations and naming times. Memory & Cognition, 24(4), 477–492. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03200936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balota, D. A., & Chumbley, J. I. (1984). Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access? The role of word frequency in the neglected decision stage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10(3), 340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.10.3.340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boston, M. F., Hale, J., Kliegl, R., Patil, U., & Vasishth, S. (2008). Parsing costs as predictors of reading difficulty: An evaluation using the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.2.1.1.

  • Berzak, Y., Nakamura, C., Smith, A., Weng, E., Katz, B., Flynn, S., & Levy, R. (2022). CELER: A 365-participant corpus of eye movements in L1 and L2 English reading. Open Mind, 6, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenfeld, H. K., Bobb, S. C., & Marian, V. (2016). The role of language proficiency, cognate status and word frequency in the assessment of Spanish–English bilinguals’ verbal fluency. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2015.1081288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brysbaert, M. (1996). Word frequency affects naming latency in Dutch when age of acquisition is controlled. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 8(2), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/095414496383149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brysbaert, M., Buchmeier, M., Conrad, M., Jacobs, A. M., Bölte, J., & Böhl, A. (2011). The word frequency effect. Experimental psychology. https://doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cop, U., Dirix, N., Drieghe, D., & Duyck, W. (2017). Presenting GECO: An eyetracking corpus of monolingual and bilingual sentence reading. Behavior Research Methods, 49, 602–615. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0734-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cop, U., Drieghe, D., & Duyck, W. (2015a). Eye movement patterns in natural reading: A comparison of monolingual and bilingual reading of a novel. PloS One, 10(8), e0134008. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cop, U., Keuleers, E., Drieghe, D., & Duyck, W. (2015b). Frequency effects in monolingual and bilingual natural reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 1216–1234. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0819-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond, A. (2016). Ibexfarm. https://github.com/addrummond/ibexfarm.

  • Ehrlich, S. F., & Rayner, K. (1981). Contextual effects on word perception and eye movements during reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20(6), 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(81)90220-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, S. L., Fernandez Monsalve, I., Thompson, R. L., & Vigliocco, G. (2013). Reading time data for evaluating broad-coverage models of English sentence processing. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 1182–1190. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0313-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1990). Taking on semantic commitments: Processing multiple meanings vs. multiple senses. Journal of Memory and Language, 29(2), 181–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(90)90071-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasenäcker, J., & Schroeder, S. (2019). Compound reading in German: Effects of constituent frequency and whole-word frequency in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 45(5), 920. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hale, J. (2001). A probabilistic Earley parser as a psycholinguistic model. In Second meeting of the north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics. https://doi.org/10.3115/1073336.1073357.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Husain, S., Vasishth, S., & Srinivasan, N. (2015). Integration and prediction difficulty in Hindi sentence comprehension: Evidence from an eye-tracking corpus. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 8(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.2.3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inhoff, A. W., & Rayner, K. (1986). Parafoveal word processing during eye fixations in reading: Effects of word frequency. Perception & Psychophysics, 40(6), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03208203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jegerski, J. (2013). Self-paced reading. In Research methods in second language psycholinguistics (pp. 20–49). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203123430.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz, B. J., & Rayner, K. (2003). Investigating the effects of a set of intercorrelated variables on eye fixation durations in reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(6), 1312. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.6.1312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juhasz, B. J., & Rayner, K. (2006). The role of age of acquisition and word frequency in reading: Evidence from eye fixation durations. Visual Cognition, 13(7–8), 846–863. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280544000075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Juphard, A., Carbonnel, S., & Valdois, S. (2004). Length effect in reading and lexical decision: Evidence from skilled readers and a developmental dyslexic participant. Brain and Cognition, 55(2), 332–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2004.02.035.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Just, M. A., Carpenter, P. A., & Woolley, J. D. (1982). Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension. Journal of experimental psychology: General, 111(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.111.2.228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keller, K. L. (2013). Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment. In The evolution of integrated marketing communications (pp. 65–81). Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. Y., & Bolger, D. J. (2017). Effects of Visual, Lexical, and Contextual Factors on Word Recognition in Reading Korean Sentences. Journal of Cognitive Science, 18(1), 43–83. https://doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2017.18.1.43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kliegl, R., Grabner, E., Rolfs, M., & Engbert, R. (2004). Length, frequency, and predictability effects of words on eye movements in reading. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16(1–2), 262–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440340000213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuperman, V., Siegelman, N., Schroeder, S., Acartürk, C., Alexeeva, S., Amenta, S. et al. (2023). Text reading in English as a second language: Evidence from the Multilingual Eye-Movements Corpus. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 45(1), 3–37). https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263121000954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuperman, V., & Van Dyke, J. A. (2013). Reassessing word frequency as a determinant of word recognition for skilled and unskilled readers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39(3), 802. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laurinavichyute, A. K., Sekerina, I. A., Alexeeva, S., Bagdasaryan, K., & Kliegl, R. (2019). Russian Sentence Corpus: Benchmark measures of eye movements in reading in Russian. Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1161–1178. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1051-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavidor, M., & Whitney, C. (2005). Word length effects in Hebrew. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(1), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. H. (1999). A locus of the word-length effect on word recognition. Reading Psychology, 20(2), 129–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/027027199278448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C., Lee, Y., & Kim, T. H. (2016). The exploration of the effects of word frequency and word length on Korean word recognition. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.1.54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C. Y., Tsai, J. L., Su, E. C. I., Tzeng, O. J., & Hung, D. L. (2005). Consistency, regularity, and frequency effects in naming Chinese characters. Language and Linguistics-Taipei, 6(1), 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, R. (2008). Expectation-based syntactic comprehension. Cognition, 106(3), 1126–1177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.05.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, J. H., & Christianson, K. (2013). Second language sentence processing in reading for comprehension and translation. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16(3), 518–537. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728912000351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima, S. D., & Pollatsek, A. (1983). Lexical access via an orthographic code? The Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure (BOSS) reconsidered. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(3), 310–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90215-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, C. D., Thierry, G., Kuipers, J. R., Boutonnet, B., Foucart, A., & Costa, A. (2013). Bilinguals reading in their second language do not predict upcoming words as native readers do. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2013.08.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miellet, S., Sparrow, L., & Sereno, S. C. (2007). Word frequency and predictability effects in reading French: An evaluation of the EZ Reader model. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 762–769. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, P., Chang, Y. N., Welbourne, S., & Brysbaert, M. (2017). Exploring the relations between word frequency, language exposure, and bilingualism in a computational model of reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 93, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.08.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mor, B., & Prior, A. (2022). Frequency and predictability effects in first and second language of different script bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 48(9), 1363. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000927.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nam, K. C., Seo, K. J., Choi, K. S., Lee, K. G., Kim, T. H., & Lee, M. Y. (1997). The word length effect on Hangul word recognition. Korean Journal of Experimental & Cognitive Psychology, 9(2), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • New, B., Ferrand, L., Pallier, C., & Brysbaert, M. (2006). Reexamining the word length effect in visual word recognition: New evidence from the English Lexicon Project. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 13, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, J., Yan, M., Richter, E. M., Shu, H., & Kliegl, R. (2022). The Beijing Sentence Corpus: A Chinese sentence corpus with eye movement data and predictability norms. Behavior Research Methods, 54, 1989–2000. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01730-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parshina, O., Sekerina, I. A., Lopukhina, A., & von Der Malsburg, T. (2022). Monolingual and bilingual reading processes in Russian: An exploratory scanpath analysis. Reading Research Quarterly, 57(2), 469–492. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, K. S. (1993). Korean causatives in role and reference grammar. MA project, SUNY at Buffalo.

  • Paterson, K. B., Almabruk, A. A., McGowan, V. A., White, S. J., & Jordan, T. R. (2015). Effects of word length on eye movement control: The evidence from Arabic. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 1443–1450. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0809-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prinzmetal, W., Treiman, R., & Rho, S. H. (1986). How to see a reading unit. Journal of Memory and Language, 25(4), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(86)90038-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliff, R. (1993). Methods for dealing with reaction time outliers. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 510. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K. (1998). Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 372–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Ashby, J., Pollatsek, A., & Reichle, E. D. (2004). The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: implications for the EZ Reader model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30(4), 720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.30.4.720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., & Duffy, S. A. (1986). Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity. Memory & Cognition, 14(3), 191–201. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03197692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Li, X., Juhasz, B. J., & Yan, G. (2005). The effect of word predictability on the eye movements of Chinese readers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1089–1093. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayner, K., Raney, G. E., & Pollatsek, A. (1995). Eye movements and discourse processing.

  • Rayner, K., Reichle, E. D., Stroud, M. J., Williams, C. C., & Pollatsek, A. (2006). The effect of word frequency, word predictability, and font difficulty on the eye movements of young and older readers. Psychology and aging, 21(3), 448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, H. E., Rayner, K., & Chumbley, J. I. (1998). Comparing naming, lexical decision, and eye fixation times: Word frequency effects and individual differences. Memory & Cognition, 26(6), 1270–1281. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegelman, N., Schroeder, S., Acartürk, C., Ahn, H. D., Alexeeva, S., Amenta, S. et al. (2022). Expanding horizons of cross-linguistic research on reading: The Multilingual Eye-movement Corpus (MECO). Behavior Research Methods, 54(6), 2843–2863). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01772-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spoehr, K. T., & Smith, E. E. (1973). The role of syllables in perceptual processing. Cognitive Psychology, 5(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(73)90026-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Staub, A. (2010). Eye movements and processing difficulty in object relative clauses. Cognition, 116(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2010.04.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, V., & Titone, D. (2012). Second-language experience modulates first-and second-language word frequency effects: Evidence from eye movement measures of natural paragraph reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-011-0179-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, V., & Titone, D. (2015). Second-language experience modulates eye movements during first-and second-language sentence reading: Evidence from a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(4), 1118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitford, V., & Titone, D. (2017). The effects of word frequency and word predictability during first-and second-language paragraph reading in bilingual older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging, 32(2), 158. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witzel, N., Witzel, J., & Forster, K. (2012). Comparisons of online reading paradigms: Eye tracking, moving-window, and maze. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 41, 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-011-9179-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamashita, J., & Ichikawa, S. (2010). Examining reading fluency in a foreign language: Effects of text segmentation on L2 readers. Reading in a Foreign Language, 22(2), 263–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, G., Tian, H., Bai, X., & Rayner, K. (2006). The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers. British Journal of Psychology, 97(2), 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712605X70066.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yen, M.-H., Radach, R., Tzeng, O., Hung, D., & Tsai, J.-L. (2009). Early parafoveal processing in reading Chinese sentences. Acta Psychologica, 131, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.02.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zdorova, N., Parshina, O., Ogly, B., Bagirokova, I., Krasikova, E., Ziubanova, A. et al. (2023). Eye movement corpora in Adyghe and Russian: an eye-tracking study of sentence reading in bilinguals. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1212701. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1212701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Tatyana Evgenievna Petrova for her help in inviting native Chinese speakers living in Russia to participate. We would like to express our gratitude to our Chinese colleagues Li Jin, Jan Li, and Jan Tingting for their assistance in inviting participants living in China.

OSF open-sourced view-only anonymized link: https://osf.io/2kdu3/?view_only=3a488dc691b74a9b97e9ea0c61c063fd.

Funding

No.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Marina Norkina  (М.В. Норкина), Svetlana Alexeeva  (С.В. Алексеева), Daria Chernova  (Д.А. Чернова) & Maria Harchevnik  (М.А. Харчевник)

  2. Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia

    Marina Norkina  (М.В. Норкина)

Authors
  1. Marina Norkina  (М.В. Норкина)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Svetlana Alexeeva  (С.В. Алексеева)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daria Chernova  (Д.А. Чернова)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Maria Harchevnik  (М.А. Харчевник)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SA contributed to the idea, design and data analysis. The design was developed by SA and DC. Experimental materials were prepared by Marina Norkina under the supervision of SA and DC. Data was collected by MN, DC and MK. Data was preprocessed by MN and MK. The draft of the manuscript was written by MN, SA and DC. Editing was made by MN, SA, DC and MK. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marina Norkina  (М.В. Норкина).

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval and Consent

Ethical review and approval were not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.

Competing Interests

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Norkina, M., Alexeeva, S., Chernova, D. et al. Корпус предложений для изучающих русский язык как иностранный: влияние универсальных параметров на лексический доступ на неродном языке. Russ Linguist 48, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11185-024-09293-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11185-024-09293-4

Search

Navigation