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Experimental and theoretical insight of Schiff base transition metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and COVID-19 molecular docking studies

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Abstract

In the current research work, a series of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of novel 5,5′-[(1-E,1′-E)-(4-nitro-1,2-phenylene)bis(azaneylylidene)bis(methaneylylidene) bis(2 methoxy phenol)] (NAMM) Schiff base ligand have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of 4-nitro-o-phenylenediammine with 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde. The characterization study of Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes is executed by various instrumental and spectral techniques such as 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, mass analysis, ultraviolet–visible technique, elemental analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction techniques to know information about the structures of compounds. The spectral data reveal the hexadentate nature of synthesized metal complexes. To clarify the conductive and optical properties of complexes, direct optical energy band gap and Urbach spectral tail energy were estimated. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were calculated by Coats–Redfern method. In addition, the docking was carried out with two different proteins, COVID-19 main protease (PDB-6LU7) and human prostate specific antigen in a fab sandwich (PDB-3QUM) and the results revealed a large negative binding affinity value for zinc complex for both receptors, thereby exhibiting good protein–complex interactions. Further, the compounds were in silico screened for their biocompatibilities and pharmacokinetic behavior through ADMET and PASS studies which signifies the drug-like character of the synthesized compounds. Moreover, antimicrobial studies were evaluated against four different bacterial strains as well as two fungal strains and results evinced highest activity of copper complex (2) against E. coli (MIC-0.0055 μmol/mL) and C. albicans (MIC-0.0110 μmol/mL).

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Data availability

Data supporting the results of this study are available on fair request from the corresponding author. The data analyzed can be accessed from the manuscript for the current study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors highly acknowledge SAIF, IIT Bombay, for providing (ESR JEOL) analytical facility.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, 124021, India

    Indu Sindhu & Anshul Singh

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IS was involved in data curation, writing—original draft preparation, investigation, visualization. AS helped in conceptualization, methodology, project administration, validation, writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Sindhu, I., Singh, A. Experimental and theoretical insight of Schiff base transition metal complexes: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and COVID-19 molecular docking studies. Res Chem Intermed 50, 413–436 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05179-0

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