Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of synthesis methods of Co-modified TiO2 in its photocatalytic and bactericidal activity

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is well-known that a given material’s synthesis method can change its catalytic properties. In this work, we demonstrated that Co-modified TiO2 (TiCo) showed photocatalytic activity and bactericidal for water decontamination. The nanomaterials with high cobalt content were obtained by three synthesis methods, namely polymeric precursors (PP), sonochemical (US), and microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MW). The PP and US methods produced a mixture of rutile and cobalt titanate (CoTiO3) or anatase and CoTiO3, respectively, while the MW method produced pure anatase. We applied Rietveld refinement to quantify the different crystalline phases, and the cobalt was quantified by EDX and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). It was confirmed that the cobalt doping level depends on the crystalline phase obtained and improves the visible light absorption. Pathogenic microorganisms and organic pollutants remediation were investigated in detail using heterogeneous photocatalysis and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, proving that the nanomaterials’ nature influences the action mechanisms under the light. The photocatalyst synthesized from the MW method showed the best results. It was possible to demonstrate that the photocatalytic mechanisms proposed, and bactericidal activity depends on the structure of the nanomaterial obtained.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

All data and materials in this publication are available by contacting the corresponding author.

References

  1. L.F.C. Gouvêa, A.J. Moreira, C.D. Freschi, G.P.G. Freschi, J. Food Compos. Anal. 70, 28 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. B.S. Pinheiro, A.J. Moreira, L.L.S. Gimenes, C.D. Freschi, G.P.G. Freschi, Environ. Monit. Assess. 192, 331 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. B. Wang, W. Chen, Y. Song, G. Li, W. Wei, J. Fang, Y. Sun, Catal. Today 311, 23 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A. El Yadini, H. Saufi, P.S.M. Dunlop, J.A. Byrne, M. El Azzouzi, S. El Hajjaji, J. Catal. 2014, 1 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A.J. Moreira, D. Coelho, J.A. Dias, L.H. Mascaro, G.P.G. Freschi, V.R. Mastelaro, E.C. Pereira, J. Alloys Compd. 905, 164217 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. I. Alves De Castro, J. Ariane De Oliveira, E. Cristina Paris, T. Regina Giraldi, C. Ribeiro, Ceram. Int. 41, 3502 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. S.A. Bakar, C. Ribeiro, Appl. Surf. Sci. 377, 121 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. D.P. MacWan, P.N. Dave, S. Chaturvedi, J. Mater. Sci. 46, 3669 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. B.S. Pinheiro, L.L. Gimenes, A.J. Moreira, A.F. de Araújo, C.D. Freschi, G.P.G. Freschi, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 52, 1089 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Humayun, F. Raziq, A. Khan, W. Luo, Green Chem. Lett. Rev. 11, 86 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A.E. Shalan, M.M. Rashad, Appl. Surf. Sci. 283, 975 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. F. Peng, H. Gao, G. Zhang, Z. Zhu, J. Zhang, Q. Liu, Materials 10, 209 (2017)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. J.H. Leal, Y. Cantu, D.F. Gonzalez, J.G. Parsons, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 84, 28 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Krayzman, E. Cockayne, A.C. Johnston-Peck, G. Vaughan, F. Zhang, A.J. Allen, L.Y. Kunz, M. Cargnello, L.H. Friedman, I. Levin, Chem. Mater. 32, 286 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. T.R. Cunha, A.D. Rodrigues, J.E. Rodrigues, D.V. Sampaio, B.J.A. Moulton, R.C. da Costa, P.S. Pizani, Solid State Sci. 88, 1 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R.L. Narayana, M. Matheswaran, A.A. Aziz, P. Saravanan, Desalination 269, 249 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Venturini, F. Bonatto, W.C. Guaglianoni, T. Lemes, S. Arcaro, A.K. Alves, C.P. Bergmann, Appl. Surf. Sci. 464, 351 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.M. Gupta, M. Tripathi, Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 10, 279 (2012)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Chen, W. Guo, Y. Huang, Y. Chang, Z. Wei, J. Jiang, P. Boulet, M. Record, Materials 15, 1456 (2022)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. A.J. Moreira, L.O. Campos, C.P. Maldi, J.A. Dias, E.C. Paris, T.R. Giraldi, G.P.G. Freschi, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 27, 27032 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A.J. Moreira, J.O.D. Malafatti, T.R. Giraldi, E.C. Paris, E.C. Pereira, V.R. de Mendonça, V.R. Mastelaro, G.P.G. Freschi, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 8, 104543 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Soman, S. Challagulla, S. Payra, S. Dinda, S. Roy, Res. Chem. Intermed. 44, 2261 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A.J. Moreira, A.C. Borges, B.B. De Souza, L.R. Barbosa, V.R. De Mendonça, C.D. Freschi, G.P.G. Freschi, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 7, 102916 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Moreira, A. Borges, B. de Sousa, V. de Mendonça, C. Freschi, G. Freschi, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 30, 1010 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. González-Rubio, A. Ballesteros-Gómez, A.G. Asimakopoulos, V.L.B. Jaspers, Sci. Total. Environ. 760, 143337 (2021)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Silori, S.M. Tauseef, Curr. Pharm. Anal. 18, 345 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J.L. Wilkinson, A.B.A. Boxall, D.W. Kolpin, K.M.Y. Leung, R.W.S. Lai, C. Galbán-Malagón, A.D. Adell, J. Mondon, M. Metian, R.A. Marchant, A. Bouzas-Monroy, A. Cuni-Sanchez, A. Coors, P. Carriquiriborde, M. Rojo, C. Gordon, M. Cara, M. Moermond, T. Luarte, V. Petrosyan, Y. Perikhanyan, C.S. Mahon, C.J. McGurk, T. Hofmann, T. Kormoker, V. Iniguez, J. Guzman-Otazo, J.L. Tavares, F. Gildasio De Figueiredo, M.T.P. Razzolini, V. Dougnon, G. Gbaguidi, O. Traoré, J.M. Blais, L.E. Kimpe, M. Wong, D. Wong, R. Ntchantcho, J. Pizarro, G.-G. Ying, C.-E. Chen, M. Páez, J. Martínez-Lara, J.-P. Otamonga, J. Poté, S.A. Ifo, P. Wilson, S. Echeverría-Sáenz, N. Udikovic-Kolic, M. Milakovic, D. Fatta-Kassinos, L. Ioannou-Ttofa, V. Belušová, J. Vymazal, M. Cárdenas-Bustamante, B.A. Kassa, J. Garric, A. Chaumot, P. Gibba, I. Kunchulia, S. Seidensticker, G. Lyberatos, H.P. Halldórsson, M. Melling, T. Shashidhar, M. Lamba, A. Nastiti, A. Supriatin, N. Pourang, A. Abedini, O. Abdullah, S.S. Gharbia, F. Pilla, B. Chefetz, T. Topaz, K.M. Yao, B. Aubakirova, R. Beisenova, L. Olaka, J.K. Mulu, P. Chatanga, V. Ntuli, N.T. Blama, S. Sherif, A.Z. Aris, L.J. Looi, M. Niang, S.T. Traore, R. Oldenkamp, O. Ogunbanwo, M. Ashfaq, M. Iqbal, Z. Abdeen, A. O’Dea, J.M. Morales-Saldaña, M. Custodio, H. de la Cruz, I. Navarrete, F. Carvalho, A.B. Gogra, B.M. Koroma, V. Cerkvenik-Flajs, M. Gombač, M. Thwala, K. Choi, H. Kang, J.L.C. Ladu, A. Rico, P. Amerasinghe, A. Sobek, G. Horlitz, A.K. Zenker, A.C. King, J.-J. Jiang, R. Kariuki, M. Tumbo, U. Tezel, T.T. Onay, J.B. Lejju, Y. Vystavna, Y. Vergeles, H. Heinzen, A. Pérez-Parada, D.B. Sims, M. Figy, D. Good, C. Teta, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 119, 1 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. J.W. Kwon, K.L. Armbrust, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25, 2561 (2006)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. C. Wang, J. Niu, L. Yin, J. Huang, L.A. Hou, Chem. Eng. J. 346, 662 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F.S. Cortez, L.S. Souza, L.L. Guimarães, F.H. Pusceddu, L.A. Maranho, M.K. Fontes, B.B. Moreno, C.R. Nobre, D.M.S. Abessa, A. Cesar, C.D.S. Pereira, Mar. Pollut. Bull. 141, 366 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. J.O.D. Malafatti, A.J. Moreira, C.R. Sciena, T.E.M. Silva, G.P.G. Freschi, E.C. Pereira, E.C. Paris, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9, 104820 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H. Hidaka, T. Tsukamoto, T. Oyama, Y. Mitsutsuka, T. Takamura, N. Serpone, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 12, 751 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Salazar, C. Ridruejo, E. Brillas, J. Yáñez, H.D. Mansilla, I. Sirés, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 203, 189 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. H. Shao, M. Wu, F. Deng, G. Xu, N. Liu, X. Li, L. Tang, Chemosphere 190, 184 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. T. Amna, M. Shamshi Hassan, M. Pandurangan, M.-S. Khil, H.-K. Lee, I.H. Hwang, Ceram. Int. 39, 3189 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. H.M. Yadav, J.-S. Kim, S.H. Pawar, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 33, 1989 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. R. López, R. Gómez, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 61, 1 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Subudhi, L. Paramanik, S. Sultana, S. Mansingh, P. Mohapatra, K. Parida, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 568, 89 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. A. J. Moreira, S. G. Lemos, D. Coelho, L. H. Mascaro, G. P. G. Freschi, and E. C. Pereira, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29, 24010–24023 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. A.E.B. Lima, R.Y.N. Reis, L.S. Ribeiro, L.K. Ribeiro, M. Assis, R.S. Santos, C.H.M. Fernandes, L.S. Cavalcante, E. Longo, J.A.O. Osajima, G.E. Luz, J. Alloys Compd. 863, 158731 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. H.-T. Nguyen Thi, K.-N. Tran Thi, N.B. Hoang, B.T. Tran, T.S. Do, C.S. Phung, K.-O. Nguyen Thi, Materials 14, 7741 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. G. Kahlmeter, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14, 169 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. M. Assis, J.S. da Silva, M.O. Gonçalves, J.M. de Almeida Rodolpho, B.D. de Lima Fragelli, A.B.P. Corte, L.K. Ribeiro, M.D. Teodoro, F. de Freitas Anibal, C.P. de Sousa, O.N. Oliveira, J. Andrés, E. Longo, Biomater. Adv. 141, 213097 (2022)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Abedini, S. Khademolhoseini, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 330 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. U. Balachandran, N.G. Eror, J. Solid State Chem. 42, 276 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. P. Mazzolini, V. Russo, C.S. Casari, T. Hitosugi, S. Nakao, T. Hasegawa, A. Li Bassi, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 18878 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. N. Kitchamsetti, R.J. Choudhary, D.M. Phase, R.S. Devan, RSC Adv. 10, 23446 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. R.M. Dubrovin, N.V. Siverin, M.A. Prosnikov, V.A. Chernyshev, N.N. Novikova, P.C.M. Christianen, A.M. Balbashov, R.V. Pisarev, J. Alloys Compd. 858, 157633 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. K. Kidoh, K. Tanaka, F. Marumo, H. Takei, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B Struct. Sci. 40, 92 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. T. Mashimo, R. Bagum, Y. Ogata, M. Tokuda, M. Okube, K. Sugiyama, Y. Kinemuchi, H. Isobe, A. Yoshiasa, Cryst. Growth Des. 17, 1460 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A.J. Moreira, S.R.R. Padilha, V.R. de Mendonça, E.C. Paris, C. Ribeiro, G.P.G. Freschi, T.R. Giraldi, Desalin. Water Treat. 205, 252 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Y. Yulizar, J. Gunlazuardi, D.O.B. Apriandanu, T.W.W. Syahfitri, Mater. Lett. 277, 128349 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. N. Kelaidis, A. Kordatos, S.-R.G. Christopoulos, A. Chroneos, Sci. Rep. 8, 12790 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. S. Kim, M. Kim, S.-H. Hwang, S.K. Lim, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18, 1141 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. W. Fang, M. Xing, J. Zhang, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 32, 21 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. R. Ye, H. Fang, Y.-Z. Zheng, N. Li, Y. Wang, X. Tao, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 8, 13879 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. Moghtada, A. Shahrouzianfar, R. Ashiri, Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 1109 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. M. Mosleh, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 28, 2421 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. E.T. de Jesus, A.J. Moreira, M.C. Sá, G.P.G. Freschi, M.R. Joya, M.S. Li, E.C. Paris, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28, 69401 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. A.K. Tripathi, M.K. Singh, M.C. Mathpal, S.K. Mishra, A. Agarwal, J. Alloys Compd. 549, 114 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. D. Chen, Q. Hao, Z. Wang, H. Ding, Y. Zhu, CrystEngComm 18, 1976 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Y. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Zhou, J. Chen, Z. Wang, W. Du, J. Wen, J. Cao, D. Zhang, Ceram. Int. 48, 12483 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. J. Wang, J. Ma, Q. Zhang, Y. Chen, L. Hong, B. Wang, J. Chen, H. Jing, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 285, 119781 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J.O.D. Malafatti, A.J. Moreira, E.C. Paris, L.J. Cardenas Flechas, O.A.P. Pereira, M. Rincón Joya, Catalysts 12, 1199 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. F. Li, J. Li, J. Zhang, L. Gao, X. Long, Y. Hu, S. Li, J. Jin, J. Ma, Chemsuschem 11, 2156 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. B.R. Shah, U.D. Patel, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9, 105458 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Jiang, X. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Ma, T. Li, Y. Lin, T. Xie, S. Dong, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 278, 119349 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. S. Yadav, G. Jaiswar, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 64, 103 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. S. Markov, A. Vidakovic, Acta Period. Technol. 45, 141 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. C. Liao, Y. Li, S.C. Tjong, Nanomaterials 10, 124 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. L.P. Oliveira, C.C. de Foggi, B.N.A.S. Pimentel, M. Assis, J. Andrés, E. Longo, C.E. Vergani, Ceram. Int. 47, 22604 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. M. Assis, F.C. Groppo Filho, D.S. Pimentel, T. Robeldo, A.F. Gouveia, T.F.D. Castro, H.C.S. Fukushima, C.C. Foggi, J.P.C. Costa, R.C. Borra, J. Andrés, E. Longo, ChemistrySelect 5, 4655 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. M. Assis, L.K. Ribeiro, M.O. Gonçalves, L.H. Staffa, R.S. Paiva, L.R. Lima, D. Coelho, L.F. Almeida, L.N. Moraes, I.L.V. Rosa, L.H. Mascaro, R.M.T. Grotto, C.P. Sousa, J. Andrés, E. Longo, S.A. Cruz, A.C.S. Appl, Polym. Mater. 4, 7102 (2022)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. M. Assis, L.G.P. Simoes, G.C. Tremiliosi, D. Coelho, D.T. Minozzi, R.I. Santos, D.C.B. Vilela, J.R. Do Santos, L.K. Ribeiro, I.L.V. Rosa, L.H. Mascaro, J. Andrés, E. Longo, Nanomaterials 11, 638 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. A. Khalid, P. Ahmad, A.I. Alharthi, S. Muhammad, M.U. Khandaker, M.R.I. Faruque, A. Khan, I.U. Din, M.A. Alotaibi, K. Alzimami, A.A. Alfuraih, D.A. Bradley, Materials 14, 3223 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. L. Leyssens, B. Vinck, C. Van Der Straeten, F. Wuyts, L. Maes, Toxicology 387, 43 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. A. El Mragui, O. Zegaoui, J.C.G. Esteves da Silva, Chemosphere 266, 128931 (2021)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. I. AltIn, M. Sökmen, Z. Biyiklioʇlu, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 45, 36 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. K.A. Jacob, P.M. Peter, P.E. Jose, C.J. Balakrishnan, V.J. Thomas, Mater. Today Proc. 49, 1408 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Y. Zhang, J. Chen, L. Hua, S. Li, X. Zhang, W. Sheng, S. Cao, J. Hazard. Mater. 340, 309 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. A. Singh, D. Singh, B. Ahmed, A.K. Ojha, Mater. Chem. Phys. 277, 125531 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. W.L. da Silva, M.A. Lansarin, P.R. Livotto, J.H.Z. dos Santos, Powder Technol. 279, 166 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. D. Shi, H. Yang, X. Xue, Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 28, 1474 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Q. Zhao, M. Wang, H. Yang, D. Shi, Y. Wang, Ceram. Int. 44, 5145 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) and Shell is gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Grant: APQ-00601-22) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Grants: 2013/07296-2, 2017/11986-5, 2021/06128-5).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos City, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Ailton J. Moreira, Sirlon F. Blaskievicz, Gleison N. Marques, Wallas T. Menezes, Pietra T. Rabello, Lucia H. Mascaro & Ernesto C. Pereira

  2. Technology and Science Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas City, MG, 37715-400, Brazil

    Gian P. G. Freschi

  3. Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University Jaume I, 12071, Castelló City, Spain

    Marcelo de Assis

  4. Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos City, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Cesar Rabahi & Yara G. Gobato

Authors
  1. Ailton J. Moreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sirlon F. Blaskievicz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marcelo de Assis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gleison N. Marques
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Wallas T. Menezes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Pietra T. Rabello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Cesar Rabahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yara G. Gobato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Gian P. G. Freschi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Lucia H. Mascaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Ernesto C. Pereira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AJM involved in experimental design, writing—original draft, and methodology. SFB involved in methodology, electrochemical data analysis, and writing (electrochemical properties). MdA involved in bactericidal properties analysis and review and editing (bactericidal properties). GNM1 and WTM involved in structural properties and Rietveld refinement analysis. PTR developed the photocatalysis experiments. YGG and CR involved in optical data analysis, methodology, and writing—editing (optical properties). GPGF involved in chromatography data analysis and review and editing. LHM involved in writing and review and editing. ECP involved in supervision and writing—review and editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ailton J. Moreira or Ernesto C. Pereira.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 1022 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Moreira, A.J., Blaskievicz, S.F., de Assis, M. et al. Effect of synthesis methods of Co-modified TiO2 in its photocatalytic and bactericidal activity. Res Chem Intermed 50, 297–322 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05159-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-023-05159-4

Keyword

Search

Navigation