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A review on green Lewis acids: zirconium(IV) oxydichloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and zirconium(IV) tetrachloride (ZrCl4) in organic chemistry

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Abstract

Lewis acids are important and interesting catalysts in most organic transformations. Among different Lewis acids, Zr(IV) species such as ZrCl4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O are allocated special attention because of their low toxicity, availability and handling, moisture stability, and low cost in comparison to some of their corresponding compounds. During recent decades, Lewis acids have been used to promote different types of organic reactions because they naturally possess mild acidity properties and, as such, can catalyze reactions selectively. This means that in the presence of various functional groups, they can operate on a specific group to produce the objective product. In this review we have focused on the reactions which have been progressed in the presence of ZrCl4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O. The study has been ordered based on the number of the reaction components and their solvent media.

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  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Kobra Nikoofar & Zahra Khademi

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Nikoofar, K., Khademi, Z. A review on green Lewis acids: zirconium(IV) oxydichloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and zirconium(IV) tetrachloride (ZrCl4) in organic chemistry. Res Chem Intermed 42, 3929–3977 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2260-6

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