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Zirconium-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis

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Abstract

Zirconium is a silvery-white malleable and ductile metal at room temperature with a crustal abundance of 162 ppm. Its compounds, showing Lewis acidic behavior and high catalytic performance, have been recognized as a relatively cheap, low-toxicity, stable, green, and efficient catalysts for various important organic transformations. Commercially available inorganic zirconium chloride was widely applied as a catalyst to accelerate amination, Michael addition, and oxidation reactions. Well-designed zirconocene perfluorosulfonates can be applied in allylation, acylation, esterification, etc. N-Chelating oganozirconium complexes accelerate polymerization, hydroaminoalkylation, and CO2 fixation efficiently. In this review, the applications of both commercially available and synthesized zirconium catalysts in organic reactions in the last 5 years are highlighted. Firstly, the properties and application of zirconium and its compounds are simply introduced. After presenting the superiority of zirconium compounds, their applications as catalysts to accelerate organic transformations are classified and presented in detail. On the basis of different kinds of zirconium catalysts, organic reactions accelerated by inorganic zirconium catalysts, zirconium catalysts bearing Cp, and organozirconium catalysts without Cp are summarized, and the plausible reaction mechanisms are presented if available.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21802040, 21676076, 21725602, 21878071, 21971060), the Innovation Team of Huxiang High-level Talent Gathering Engineering (2021RC5028), the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha (kq2004008), Hu-Xiang High Talent of Hunan Province (2018RS3042), and the Recruitment Program for Foreign Experts of China (WQ20164300353) for financial support.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China

    Lifen Peng, Yanting Zhao & Zilong Tang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China

    Lifen Peng, Tianbao Yang, Zhou Tong & Renhua Qiu

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan

    Lifen Peng & Akihiro Orita

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Peng, L., Zhao, Y., Yang, T. et al. Zirconium-Based Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Z) 380, 41 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-022-00396-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-022-00396-4

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