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Selective glucose dehydration over novel metal phthalocyanine catalysts at low temperatures

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Abstract

In this report, promising carbon-based novel metal phthalocyanine catalysts were prepared and tested in glucose dehydration at low temperatures (90–130 °C) under atmospheric conditions. Most of the prepared phthalocyanines exhibited high conversions in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). A complete conversion of glucose was obtained over Aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcCl) and Tin phthalocyanine (SnPcCl2) catalysts. AlPcCl also provided the highest HMF yield (53% in 3 h at 130 °C). Al3+ cations promoted the glucose conversion and Cl− anions played an active role in 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) formation. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, was also found effective with phthalocyanines for high 5-HMF yield by stabilizing its structure. Thus, the 5-HMF yield was observed high (53.0% at 130 °C for 3 h) over AlPcCl in DMSO. Kinetic studies showed that the optimum reaction temperature was 130 °C at 1/5 catalyst/glucose ratio for 3 h. Dehydration reactions, performed in the aqueous phase, exhibited higher fructose selectivities with AlPcCl catalyst.

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Acknowledgements

This work was mainly financially supported by the Research Fund of Usak University (2019/DTS005) and the Regional Development Program.

Funding

This work was mainly financially supported by the Research Fund of Usak University (2019/DTS005) and Regional Development Program.

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  1. HülyaA. Kılıç, Emre Kılıç, Nilgün Kabay, Yasemin Baygu and Yaşar Gök have been contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey

    Hülya A. Kılıç, Emre Kılıç & Yaşar Gök

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Nilgün Kabay

  3. Tavas Vocational High School, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Yasemin Baygu

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  1. Hülya A. Kılıç
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Kılıç, H.A., Kılıç, E., Kabay, N. et al. Selective glucose dehydration over novel metal phthalocyanine catalysts at low temperatures. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 132, 637–654 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-01969-y

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