Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Serotonin Content in Sea Buckthorn

  • Research
  • Published:
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Plants growing in unfavorable environments, such as sea buckthorn, can have a high serotonin content. The potential of using different parts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) as a natural source of serotonin was investigated. The feasibility of extracting serotonin hormone from the non-fruit parts of sea buckthorn is demonstrated. One- and two-year-old woody shoots were the best material for obtaining serotonin-containing raw product. Serotonin content in shoots of different sea buckthorn varieties growing in different regions and its dynamics during the vegetation period were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serotonin is a water-soluble substance prone to microbial degradation, so proper preparation of raw materials plays a very important role in preserving serotonin in plant samples. A method for serotonin extraction using preliminary mechanochemical treatment is presented: it consists in pre-grinding, followed by mechanical treatment of raw materials with 5% adipic acid in a semi-industrial centrifugal mill. The highest degree of serotonin extraction was achieved when using air circulation at a drying temperature of 60–80 °C; serotonin concentration decreased when temperature was further increased. Serotonin content depended on the place and time of harvesting, the method used for drying the branches, and the characteristics of the plant variety. The minimum serotonin concentration (29 mg/g dry basis) was observed during summer; the maximum concentration was observed during winter; the annual changes in concentration can be as significant as 10-fold. The possibility of industrial cultivation and harvesting of different sea buckthorn varieties was also considered.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

AU :

Arbitrary units

HLPC :

High-performance liquid chromatography

UV :

Ultraviolet

References

  1. Tkacz K, Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz AP, Nowicka P (2021) Triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, macro- and microelements in anatomical parts of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) berries, branches and leaves. J Food Compos Anal 103:104107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tkacz K, Wojdyło A, Turkiewicz AP et al (2020) UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS profiling of phenolic and carotenoid compounds and their influence on anticholinergic potential for AChE and BuChE inhibition and on-line antioxidant activity of selected Hippophaë rhamnoides L. cultivars. Food Chem 309:125766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125766

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pengfei L, Tiansheng D, Xianglin H et al (2009) Antioxidant properties of isolated Isorhamnetin from the sea Buckthorn Marc. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 64:141–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0116-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Šnē E, Galoburda R, Segliņa D (2013) Sea buckthorn vegetative parts - a good source of bioactive compounds. Proc Latv Acad Sci B: Nat Exact Appl Sci 67:101–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kukin TP, Shcherbakov DN, Gensh KV et al (2017) Bioactive components of sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides L. foliage. Russ J Bioorg Chem 43:747–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Raudone L, Puzerytė V, Vilkickyte G et al (2021) Sea buckthorn leaf powders: the impact of cultivar and drying mode on antioxidant, phytochemical, and chromatic profile of valuable resource. Molecules 26:4765. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164765

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Górnaś P, Šnē E, Siger A, Segliņa D (2016) Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) vegetative parts as an unconventional source of lipophilic antioxidants. Saudi J Biol Sci 23:512–516

  8. Brad I, Vlasceanu GA, Drad IL, Manea S (2007) Characterization of sea buckthorn fruits and copses in terms of serotonin and microelements. Innov Rom Food Biotechnol 1:24–30

    Google Scholar 

  9. Naeem M, Chadeayne AR, Golen JA, Manke DR (2022) Crystal structure of serotonin. Acta Cryst E78:365–368. https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989022002559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Roshchina VV (2010) Evolutionary considerations of neurotransmitters in microbial, plant, and animal cells. In: Lyte M, Freestone P (eds) Microbial endocrinology, 1st edn. Springer, New York, pp 17–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5576-0_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Birkmayer W, Riederer P (1975) Biochemical post-mortem findings in depressed patients. J Neural Transm Suppl 37:95–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01663627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Goodwin F, Post R (1983) 5-Hydroxytryptamine and depression: a model for the interaction of normal variance with pathology. Br J Clin Pharmacol 15:393S–405S. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb02130

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Frangatos G, Chubb FL (1959) A new synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Can J Chem 37:1374–1376. https://doi.org/10.1139/v59-200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mora-Villalobos J, Zeng A (2018) Synthetic pathways and processes for effective production of 5-hydroxytryptophan and serotonin from glucose in Escherichia coli. J Biol Eng 12:3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-018-0094-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Birdsall TC (1998) 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor. Altern Med Rev 3:271–280

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Keszthelyi D, Troost F, Jonkers D et al (2012) The serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan induces rectal hyperalgesia in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 142:S–554

  17. Silva CC, Silva LS, Oliveira Carvalho RV (2018) The use of Griffonia simplicifolia and Rhodiola rosea I. in obese women with eating compulsion. Rev Bras Obes Nutr Emagrecimento 12:265–274

  18. Fu L, Su H, Li R, Cui Y (2014) Harvesting technologies for sea buckthorn fruit. Eng Agric Environ Food 7:64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2013.10.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Höhne F (2015) Overview of cultivation technologies and their challenges. Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Sea Buckthorn EuroWorkS2014 31-35. https://1library.net/document/lq5x7d3z-experiences-integrated-management-european-cherry-rhagoletis-knowledge-buckthorn.html. Accessed 12 Aug 2022

  20. Li TSC, Schroeder WR (1996) Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): a multipurpose plant. Horttechnology 6:370–380. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.6.4.370

  21. Janceva S, Andersone A, Lauberte L et al (2022) Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) waste biomass after harvesting as a source of valuable biologically active compounds with nutraceutical and antibacterial potential. Plants 11:642. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Lomovsky O, Lomovsky I (2011) Mechanochemically assisted extraction. In: Lebovka N, Vorobiev E, Chemat F (eds) Enhancing extraction processes in the food industry. CRC Press: London, pp. 361–397

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  23. Jenkins T, Nguyen J, Polglaze K, Bertrand P (2016) Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients 8:56. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Cangiano C, Laviano A, Ben M et al (1998) Effects of oral 5-hydroxy-tryptophan on energy intake and macronutrient selection in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Int J Obes 22:648–654. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. De Ponti F (2004) Pharmacology of serotonin: what a clinician should know. Gut 53:1520–1535

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Fung TC, Vuong HE, Luna CDG et al (2019) Intestinal serotonin and fluoxetine exposure modulate bacterial colonization in the gut. Nat Microbiol 4:2064–2073

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Briguglio M, Dell’Osso B, Panzica G et al (2018) Dietary neurotransmitters: a narrative review on current knowledge. Nutrients 10:591. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050591

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Gâtlan AM, Gutt G (2021) Sea buckthorn in plant based diets. An analytical approach of sea buckthorn fruits composition: nutritional value, applications, and health benefits. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:8986. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178986

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Ceci F, Cangiano C, Cairella M et al (1989) The effects of oral 5-hydroxytryptophan administration on feeding behavior in obese adult female subjects. J Neural Transm 76:109–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01578751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kunle O, Egharevba HO, Ahmadu PO (2012) Standardization of herbal medicines - a review. Int J Biodvers Conserv 4:101–112. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC11.163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Freitas Araujo MG, Bauab TM (2012) Microbial quality of medicinal plant materials. In: Akyar I (ed) Latest research into quality control. Intechopen, London, pp 67–81. https://doi.org/10.5772/51072

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. Czech E, Kneifel W, Kopp B (2001) Microbiological status of commercially available medicinal herbal drugs - a screening study. Planta Med 67:263–269. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-12007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The collection of plant-based raw materials and sample preparation for analysis were supported by the budget project of the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project No. FVNR 2022-0018). Mechanical treatment of the raw material and HPLC analysis of samples were funded within the state assignment to the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (project No. FWUS-2021-0005).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Laboratory of Gene Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    George Galitsyn

  2. Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Laboratory of Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Igor Lomovskiy & Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh

Authors
  1. George Galitsyn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Igor Lomovskiy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Methodology: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Validation: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh]; Formal analysis and investigation: [Igor Lomovskiy, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh]; Resources: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Data curation: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Writing – original draft preparation: [George Galitsyn, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh]; Writing – review and editing: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Visualization: [Igor Lomovskiy, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh]; Supervision: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Project administration: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]; Funding acquisition: [George Galitsyn, Igor Lomovskiy]. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Igor Lomovskiy.

Ethics declarations

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Ethics Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(DOCX 66 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Galitsyn, G., Lomovskiy, I. & Podgorbunskikh, E. Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Serotonin Content in Sea Buckthorn. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 78, 186–192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-01038-2

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-01038-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation